Production and characterization of spiral phase plates for optical wavelengths

Oemrawsingh, S. S. R.; Houwelingen, J. A. W. van; Eliel, E. R.; Woerdman, J. P.; Verstegen, E. J. K.; Kloosterboer, J. G.; Hooft, G. W. ’t

doi:10.1364/ao.43.000688

Cited by 300 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…Each element of this fractional basis can be written as an ℓ and α dependent superposition of an infinite number of LG l p states, extending over both l and p. Because this superposition changes when we reorient the SPP, we explore an infinite-dimensional subspace of the full, (spatial) Hilbert space by systematically varying α (at constant step index ℓ). We stress that the contribution of LG l p modes with p = 0 to this superposition is significant; this is caused by the fact that the dislocation imprinted by the SPP on the incident field has a mixed screw-edge character [8].…”

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Experimental Demonstration of Fractional Orbital Angular Momentum Entanglement of Two Photons

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Experimental Demonstration of Fractional Orbital Angular Momentum Entanglement of Two Photons

et al. 2005

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“…The azimuthal structure of the input coupler is such that upon reflection from either side it removes a fixed charge 2l from the beam. The input coupler is also partially transparent and since the two sides have opposite winding it allows beams from either side to pass through with no change to their charge -an effect that has been experimentally observed for a Gaussian beam [23]. The perfectly reflecting rear mirror on the other hand, is de- signed so that it adds a charge 2l to a beam.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…The optical mirrors of the vibrating cavity have been replaced by spiral phase elements which are commonly used to modify the azimuthal structure of laser beams either via reflection or transmission [23]. Given the wavelength of radiation being used they can be designed to impart a fixed topological charge to an incident beam.…”

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Using a Laguerre-Gaussian Beam to Trap and Cool the Rotational Motion of a Mirror

Bhattacharya

Meystre

2007

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We show theoretically that it is possible to trap and cool the rotational motion of a macroscopic mirror made of a perfectly reflecting spiral phase element using orbital angular momentum transfer from a Laguerre-Gaussian optical field. This technique offers a promising route to the placement of the rotor in its quantum mechanical ground state in the presence of thermal noise. It also opens up the possibility of simultaneously cooling a vibrational mode of the same mirror. Lastly, the proposed design may serve as a sensitive torsional balance in the quantum regime.PACS numbers: 42.50. Pq, 42.65.Sf, 85.85.+j, 04.80.Nn The optical control of the quantum mechanical centerof-mass motion of ions, neutral atoms, molecules and microscopic-scale objects has formed a dominant theme in atomic, molecular and optical physics in recent years [1,2]. These techniques are now being transferred to the macroscopic regime, where laser light has been found to be effective in cooling and trapping, for example, gramscale mirrors [3]. Such efforts are part of the rapidly emerging field of 'quantum optomechanics', one of the ambitious aims of which is to place a macroscopic object in its quantum mechanical ground state [4,5,6,7]. The accomplishment of this task would open up a host of fascinating scenarios ranging from the fundamental [8,9,10] to the applied [11,12,13], all following from the manifestation of quantum mechanical behavior in classical objects.So far most efforts have been aimed at quantizing linearly vibrating oscillators, which are prototypical mechanical objects [4,5,6]. Further, oscillators with breathing modes have been considered, driven by the centrifugal effects of radiation pressure [7,14,15]. A torsional mode has also been examined experimentally [16], but its effective dynamics was essentially vibrational in that the interaction mechanism was the mirror's exchange of linear momentum with radiation, a fact true of all the examples cited above.In this Letter we point out the possibility of quantizing instead a rotational mode of a classical torsional oscillator using the exchange of angular momentum with a radiation field. Combined with the use of the linear momentum of light, this results in the potential to simultaneously quantize a vibrational as well as a rotational mode of motion of an oscillator using the same radiation field. Also, (torque-induced) rotation of the mirror manifests itself as a change in cavity length, which may be measurable to a sensitivity better than the quantum noise limit, based on recent analyses [17,18]. We therefore expect our proposed design to possibly find use as a sensitive torque sensor, (i.e. a torsion balance) operating in the quantum regime.Specifically we consider the mechanical effect of a Laguerre-Gaussian beam interacting with a macroscopic mirror. In addition to their intrinsic spin angular momentum ≤ , photons in such beams also carry an integral orbital angular momentum l , see [19] and references therein. It has been experimentally demonstrated that Laguerre-Gauss...

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“…Allen et al (1992) showed that a HermiteGaussian laser beam (zero OAM) can be transformed into a Laguerre-Gaussian beam (non-zero OAM) using a pair of cylindrical lenses. Subsequently, several other methods have been developed to generate POAM in the laboratory (Oemrawsingh et al 2004;Gibson et al 2004;Gruneisen et al 2008). LaguerreGaussian beams are known as optical vortex beams because of their phase structure which is proportional to e ımφ , using the azimuthal angle, φ, and the OAM index, m. All of the photons in these optical vortex beams carry m of OAM (Harwit 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Photonic orbital angular momentum in starlight

Oesch

Sanchez

2014

A&A

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Context. Each attempt by the Atmospheric Simulation and Adaptive-optics Laboratory Testbed (ASALT) research group to detect turbulence-induced photonic orbital angular momentum (POAM) has been successful, spanning laboratory, simulation and field experiments, with the possible exception of the 2011 Starfire Optical Range (SOR) astronomical observations, a search for POAM induced by astronomical sources. Aims. The purposes of this work are to discuss how POAM from astronomical turbulent assemblages of molecules or atoms (TAMA) would appear in observations and then to reanalyze the data from the 2011 SOR observations using a more refined technique as a demonstration of POAM in starlight. Methods. This work uses the method of projections used previously in analysis of terrestrial data. Results. Using the method of projections, the noise floor of the system was reevaluated and is found to be no greater than 1%. Reevaluation of the 2011 SOR observations reveals that a POAM signal is evident in all of the data. Conclusions. POAM signals have been found in every instance of extended propagation through turbulence conducted by the ASALT research group, including the 2011 SOR observations. POAM is an inevitable result of the propagation of optical waves through turbulence.

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Production and characterization of spiral phase plates for optical wavelengths

Cited by 300 publications

References 23 publications

Experimental Demonstration of Fractional Orbital Angular Momentum Entanglement of Two Photons

Experimental Demonstration of Fractional Orbital Angular Momentum Entanglement of Two Photons

Using a Laguerre-Gaussian Beam to Trap and Cool the Rotational Motion of a Mirror

Photonic orbital angular momentum in starlight

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