Production and characterization of free-standing ZnO/SnO2/MWCNT ternary nanocomposite Li-ion battery anode

Graphene-based architectures of tin and zinc oxide nanocomposites for free-standing binder-free Li-ion anodes

“…In the second cathodic cycle, the Sn‐Li + alloying peak was observed below 0.5 V, while the zinc alloying peak shifted to 0.8 V. The oxidation dealloying peaks of Sn‐Li + and Zn‐Li + were visualized at 0.5 V again in the second cycle. Furthermore, the intercalation and deintercalation reactions between graphene and lithium were detected at around 0.02 V in cathodic region and 0.5 V in anodic region …”

“…In another study, ZnO‐SnO 2 composite thin films were used as anodes, and during the charge‐discharge process of active materials, low agglomeration, effective strain accommodation, along with network formation and good electronic contact were obtained . Our group studied ternary ZnO‐SnO 2 ‐MWCNT anode as buckypaper structure and obtained 487 mAh g −1 discharge capacity after 100 cycles, utilizing the benefits of combination of ZnO and SnO 2 , and buffering effect of MWCNT . Guo et al did further research on ZnO‐SnO 2 ‐graphene anode, which was produced using hydrothermal method, and exhibited 800.9 mAh g −1 charge capacity after 50 cycles .…”

“…SnO 2 (1490 mAh g −1 ) and ZnO (978 mAh g −1 ) have been extensively studied for the development of Li‐ion batteries owing to their distinguished electrical and optical properties, as well as high theoretical specific capacities. They are commonly used in place of the commercial graphite anode (372 mAh g −1 ) . However, these materials have limiting characteristics including large volume change and severe aggregation during Li + cycling process, which cause lower cycling performance.…”

“…However, these materials have limiting characteristics including large volume change and severe aggregation during Li + cycling process, which cause lower cycling performance. Previous studies have focused on developing SnO 2 and ZnO‐based materials in order to address these limitations . Porous, sandwich‐type, and 3D network structures were designed as binary or ternary composites using graphene, CNT, or other carbon derivative nanostructures to enhance the capacity and to avoid huge volume changes of the anodes.…”

“…Two‐dimensional structured graphene has been widely used for anode applications due to its outstanding electrical, optical, mechanical, and magnetic features. ZnO‐SnO 2 binary composites have shown to predominantly preferred for Li‐ion applications since aggregation of Sn and Zn was avoided by 2‐phase structure diffusion barriers and composite structure containing 2 oxides has led to an additional initial capacity for Li‐ion batteries . Anode improvements such as graphene‐templating design and enhanced conductivity occur when ternary composite is obtained through adding graphene into this structure .…”