Production and characterization of femtosecond laser-written double line waveguides in heavy metal oxide glasses

Silva, Diego Silvério da; Wetter, Niklaus Ursus; Rossi, Wagner de; Kassab, L.R.P.; Samad, Ricardo Elgul

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2017.10.033

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Figure 4 a presents Raman results for the bulk glass, and Figure 4 b presents those obtained between the two written lines (four superimposed lines), leading us to conclude that no appreciable structural change took place in the region between the two lines (where guidance occurs) by the fs laser processing technique, as previously reported [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…On the other hand, dual line waveguides represent another technique that has been demonstrated in a number of hosts, including glass and crystals [ 5 ]. We reported the first results of dual waveguides written by fs laser in undoped TeO 2 and GeO 3 glass [ 6 ]. Then, using the same architecture, active dual waveguides in Er 3+ /Yb 3+ -doped GeO 2 -PbO glass were reported by direct fs laser processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Optical Properties of Double Line Waveguides Written by fs Laser in Nd3+-Doped GeO2-PbO Glasses

et al. 2023

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Nd3+-doped GeO2-PbO glass with silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are produced with double line waveguides through fs laser processing for photonic applications. A Ti:sapphire fs laser at 800 nm was used to write the waveguides directly into the glass 0.7 mm beneath the surface. This platform is based on pairs of parallel lines with spacing of 10 µm, each pair being formed by two identical written lines but in two different configurations of 4 or 8 separately processed lines, which are coincident. The results of optical microscopy, absorbance measurements, refractive index change, beam quality factor (at 632 and 1064 nm), photoluminescence, propagation losses, and relative gain at 1064 nm are presented. The structural changes in the glass due to the presence of Ag NPs were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. At 632 and 1064 nm, x,y-symmetrical guiding was observed, and for both kinds of overlapping pulses, a refractive index alteration of 10−3 was found in both directions. Photoluminescence growth of ~47% at 1064 nm was observed due to the plasmonic effect of Ag NPs. In dual waveguides containing Ag NPs, the relative gain obtained increased by 40% and 30% for four and eight overlapping lines, respectively, at 600 mW of 808 nm pump power, when compared to waveguides without those metallic NPs. We highlight the resultant positive internal gains of 5.11 and 7.12 dB/cm that showed a growth of ~40% and ~30%, respectively, with respect to the samples without Ag NPs. The increase in photoluminescence and relative gain were related to the local field growth produced by Ag NPs. The present results show that the addition of Ag NPs impacts positively on the optical performance at 1064 nm of double line waveguides processed by fs laser writing in Nd3+-doped GeO2-PbO glass, opening news perspectives for photonics.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Optical Properties of Double Line Waveguides Written by fs Laser in Nd3+-Doped GeO2-PbO Glasses

et al. 2023

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“…In other work, single line WGs inscribed in a widely investigated Barium Gallo-Germanate (BGG) glass resulted in propagation losses of as low as 0.5 ± 0.1 dB/cm for WGs inscribed using 250 kHz, 70 fs laser pulses 12 . Stress-induced WG writing (double line) has also been achieved in germanate by a low PRF FSL (4 kHz) in Er 3+ doped GeO 2 –PbO–Ga 2 O 3 resulting in 2 dB/cm of propagation losses 13 i.e. the propagation losses reduced by a factor of 2 with double line writing compared to single line as in 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR

Khalid

Chen

Ebendorff-Heidepreim

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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To support the growing landscape of near to mid-IR laser applications we demonstrate a range of low propagation loss femtosecond laser (FSL) written waveguides (WGs) that have achieved guided-mode laser operation in a rare earth (RE) doped lead-germanate glass. The WGs are fabricated in both the athermal and thermal FSL writing regimes using three different pulse repetition frequencies (PRF): 100 kHz (athermal); 1 MHz; and 5 MHz (thermal). The lasing capability of Yb3+ doped lead-germanate waveguides is verified in the near-IR. The refractive index contrast (∆n) for 100 kHz WGs is ~ 1 × 10–4, while for 5 MHz, ∆n increases to ~ 5 × 10–4. The WGs in the thermal regime are less effected by self-focusing and are larger in dimensions with reduced propagation losses. For the 1 MHz repetition rate thermal writing regime we report a low propagation loss WG (0.2 dB/cm) and demonstrate laser operation with slope efficiencies of up to ~ 28%.

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“…This means that the properties of the bulk crystals are well-preserved in the waveguides 93,94 in which the laser-induced modifications of the original lattices are negligible. 95 In addition, the formed track has excellent thermal stability, enabling applications under high-power conditions. 96 There are shortcomings offered by the double-line waveguides, which cannot guide light at longer wavelengths since the dimension of the waveguide core is limited to <20 μm, and for 3D fabrication it requires a complicated design.…”

Section: Type I and Type Ii Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser-inscribed optical waveguides in dielectric crystals: a concise review and recent advances

Kong

Chen

2022

Adv. Photon.

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Production and characterization of femtosecond laser-written double line waveguides in heavy metal oxide glasses

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Optical Properties of Double Line Waveguides Written by fs Laser in Nd3+-Doped GeO2-PbO Glasses

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Optical Properties of Double Line Waveguides Written by fs Laser in Nd3+-Doped GeO2-PbO Glasses

Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR

Femtosecond laser-inscribed optical waveguides in dielectric crystals: a concise review and recent advances

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