Production and characterization of derived composite biosorbents from animal bone

Abstract

Composite biosorbents were produced from animal bone by carbonization, activation of animal bone char with phosphoric acid and zinc (II) chloride independently, and the obtained activated carbons were separately impregnated on chitosan. The chitosan was produced from chitin, which was extracted from shrimp shell through deminerization, deproteinization and deacetylation processes. Comprehensive characterization studies were carried out on the chitin, chitosan, and the resulting five biosorbents via proximate and ultimate analyses, and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electron-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The absorption bands of the standard chitosan from Sigma-Aldrich and the experimentally prepared chitosan were in excellent agreement. The results of this study showed that activated carbons impregnated on chitosan have the potential to be applied as alternative efficient low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbents for batch and continuous adsorption column experimentation.

Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies of the Adsorption of Copper(II) Ions from Industrial Wastewater Using Activated Carbons Derived from Sugarcane Bagasse

“…e FTIR spectrum of the BAC-P adsorbent before Cu(II) ion adsorption indicates peaks at 3448.84 cm − 1 due to O-H stretching in the hydroxyl functional group, the peak at 1624.12 cm − 1 shows C�O stretching of carboxylic acid [51,52], the band peak observed at 1437.02 cm − 1 is C�C group attributed to the bonding of aromatic rings, while the band at 1165.04 cm − 1 indicates the presence of C≡C triple bonds of alkynes [53,54], and the 1064.74 cm − 1 peak is ascribed to C�O�C polysaccharide stretching vibration [4,26]. e peak at 781.20 cm − 1 was ascribed as the C-H group stretching of aliphatic alkanes, and that at 2065.83 cm − 1 was due to C-O group stretch of alcohol [55].…”

“…In recent years, though, more effective and economical technologies have been adopted to reduce the contaminants in and improve the quality of industrial wastewaters [24]. Liquid-phase adsorption has been one of the most important of these technologies due to its low cost and effectiveness [25,26]. e effectiveness of the adsorbent is measured by its ability to meet the maximum contaminant level (MCL) standards established as issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [27,28].…”