“…DAO-1 (Uniprot: DAO-1 (Q6CGT2)) was produced using a genetically modified Y. lipolytica PO1f strain (Y. lipolytica PO1f_axp_dao-1), which was obtained from the work of Kettner et al [20]. Here, the native DAO-1 gene was integrated into the axp locus on the genome of Y. lipolytica using the CRISPR-cas9 system.…”
Section: Production and Purification Of Dao-1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The DAO-1 expression was conducted using the strong and constitutive UAS1B8-TEF(136) promotor. Y. lipolytica PO1f_axp_dao-1 was cultivated in the Labfors 5 bioreactor system (Infors GmbH, Einsbach Germany) in a working volume of 5 L, according to Kettner et al [20]. Cells were harvested after 56 h of cultivation and were stored at −20 • C until they were disrupted.…”
Section: Production and Purification Of Dao-1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The initial cell lysate and the buffer used for washing the glass beads were pooled and centrifuged (8000× g, 4 • C, 10 min). Around 800 mL of supernatant were collected and further purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (60% (v/v) 4 M (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, according to Kettner et al [20]. The purified DAO-1 was stored at −80 • C.…”
Section: Production and Purification Of Dao-1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A histamine bioconversion was done using the DAO-1 tablets in a food-relevant histamine concentration of 1.35 mM (150 mg•L −1 ), as described in Kettner et al [20]. The experiment was performed in a 500 mL approach volume in 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks that contained the food matrix SIF 3 (BSA, WPI, and sodium caseinate at 16.67 g•L −1 and sucrose at 50 g•L −1 in SIF (pH 6.8)) and 75 mg of histamine.…”
Section: Histamine Bioconversion Using Dao-1 Tabletsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The microbial overexpression would provide sufficient DAO activities for the preparation of highly efficient DAO tablets for oral supplementation. A new DAO-1 was discovered recently in Y. lipolytica and biochemically characterized [20]. This DAO-1 showed promising characteristics for administration in the food industry or as a dietary supplement as it was able to efficiently degrade not only histamine but also other food-relevant biogenic amines, such as tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine.…”
A new diamine oxidase (DAO-1) was discovered recently in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica PO1f and investigated for its histamine degradation capability under simulated intestinal conditions. DAO-1 was formulated together with catalase as a sucrose-based tablet. The latter (9 × 7 mm; 400 mg) contained 690 nkat of DAO-1 activity, which was obtained from a bioreactor cultivation of a genetically modified Y. lipolytica with optimized downstream processing. The DAO-1 tablet was tested in a histamine bioconversion experiment under simulated intestinal conditions in the presence of food constituents, whereby about 30% of the histamine was degraded in 90 min. This amount might already be sufficient to help people with histamine intolerance. Furthermore, it was found that the stability of DAO-1 in a simulated intestinal fluid is influenced distinctively by the presence of a food matrix, indicating that the amount and type of food consumed affect the oral supplementation with DAO. This study showed for the first time that a microbial DAO could have the potential for the treatment of histamine intolerance by oral supplementation.
“…DAO-1 (Uniprot: DAO-1 (Q6CGT2)) was produced using a genetically modified Y. lipolytica PO1f strain (Y. lipolytica PO1f_axp_dao-1), which was obtained from the work of Kettner et al [20]. Here, the native DAO-1 gene was integrated into the axp locus on the genome of Y. lipolytica using the CRISPR-cas9 system.…”
Section: Production and Purification Of Dao-1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The DAO-1 expression was conducted using the strong and constitutive UAS1B8-TEF(136) promotor. Y. lipolytica PO1f_axp_dao-1 was cultivated in the Labfors 5 bioreactor system (Infors GmbH, Einsbach Germany) in a working volume of 5 L, according to Kettner et al [20]. Cells were harvested after 56 h of cultivation and were stored at −20 • C until they were disrupted.…”
Section: Production and Purification Of Dao-1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The initial cell lysate and the buffer used for washing the glass beads were pooled and centrifuged (8000× g, 4 • C, 10 min). Around 800 mL of supernatant were collected and further purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (60% (v/v) 4 M (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, according to Kettner et al [20]. The purified DAO-1 was stored at −80 • C.…”
Section: Production and Purification Of Dao-1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A histamine bioconversion was done using the DAO-1 tablets in a food-relevant histamine concentration of 1.35 mM (150 mg•L −1 ), as described in Kettner et al [20]. The experiment was performed in a 500 mL approach volume in 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks that contained the food matrix SIF 3 (BSA, WPI, and sodium caseinate at 16.67 g•L −1 and sucrose at 50 g•L −1 in SIF (pH 6.8)) and 75 mg of histamine.…”
Section: Histamine Bioconversion Using Dao-1 Tabletsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The microbial overexpression would provide sufficient DAO activities for the preparation of highly efficient DAO tablets for oral supplementation. A new DAO-1 was discovered recently in Y. lipolytica and biochemically characterized [20]. This DAO-1 showed promising characteristics for administration in the food industry or as a dietary supplement as it was able to efficiently degrade not only histamine but also other food-relevant biogenic amines, such as tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine.…”
A new diamine oxidase (DAO-1) was discovered recently in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica PO1f and investigated for its histamine degradation capability under simulated intestinal conditions. DAO-1 was formulated together with catalase as a sucrose-based tablet. The latter (9 × 7 mm; 400 mg) contained 690 nkat of DAO-1 activity, which was obtained from a bioreactor cultivation of a genetically modified Y. lipolytica with optimized downstream processing. The DAO-1 tablet was tested in a histamine bioconversion experiment under simulated intestinal conditions in the presence of food constituents, whereby about 30% of the histamine was degraded in 90 min. This amount might already be sufficient to help people with histamine intolerance. Furthermore, it was found that the stability of DAO-1 in a simulated intestinal fluid is influenced distinctively by the presence of a food matrix, indicating that the amount and type of food consumed affect the oral supplementation with DAO. This study showed for the first time that a microbial DAO could have the potential for the treatment of histamine intolerance by oral supplementation.
The consumption of foods fraught with histamine can lead to various allergy-like symptoms if the histamine is not sufficiently degraded in the human body. The degradation occurs primarily in the small intestine, naturally catalyzed by the human diamine oxidase (DAO). An inherent or acquired deficiency in human DAO function causes the accumulation of histamine and subsequent intrusion of histamine into the bloodstream. The histamine exerts its effects acting on different histamine receptors all over the body but also directly in the intestinal lumen. The inability to degrade sufficient amounts of dietary histamine is known as the ‘histamine intolerance’. It would be preferable to solve this problem initially by the production of histamine-free or -reduced foods and by the oral supplementation of exogenous DAO supporting the human DAO in the small intestine. For the latter, DAOs from mammalian, herbal and microbial sources may be applicable. Microbial DAOs seem to be the most promising choice due to their possibility of an efficient biotechnological production in suitable microbial hosts. However, their biochemical properties, such as activity and stability under process conditions and substrate selectivity, play important roles for their successful application. This review deals with the advances and challenges of DAOs and other histamine-oxidizing enzymes for their potential application as processing aids for the production of histamine-reduced foods or as orally administered adjuvants to humans who have been eating food fraught with histamine.
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