Production and characterisation of activated carbon from wood components in powder: Cellulose, lignin, xylan

Khezami, Lotfi; Chetouani, A.; Taouk, Bechara; Capart, R.

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2005.05.009

Cited by 203 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Lignocellulosics have been among the major sources of activated carbons whose properties depend on the precursors' lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses compositions and respective structures. 18,19 Lignin contributes the most to the carbon mass due to its high carbon content and crosslinked polyphenolic structure whereas holocelluloses decompose extensively and gasied during pyrolysis. 20 At over 1.1 million metric tons per year, isolated lignin, the major by-product of chemical pulping and biofuel production, 21 is readily available and under-utilized.…”

Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin derived activated carbon particulates as an electric supercapacitor: carbonization and activation on porous structures and microstructures

Hsieh

2017

RSC Adv.

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Microporous and mesoporous particulate activated carbons (PACs) with unique hierarchical microstructures were facilely synthesized from alkali lignin via simultaneous carbonization and alkali hydroxide activation. Both NaOH and KOH activated PACs contained slit-like micropores and carbon microstructures with circular nanoplates of graphite-like basal planes and amorphous carbon clusters.The micropores broadened with increasing temperatures, holding time and alkaline hydroxides. The basal planes sizes and order were enhanced with increasing temperatures and holding time but lowering impregnation ratios, while amorphous carbon showed no particular patterns due to its much higher reactivity toward alkali hydroxides. The PACs with the highest micropore surface area and pore volume (1100 m 2 g À1, 0.43 cm 3 g À1) were obtained at 900 C, 30 min and an impregnation ratio of 1 and fabricated into electrical supercapacitors to exhibit excellent 226 F g À1 specific capacitance, 7.8 W h kg À1 energy density and 47 kW kg À1 power density as well as over 92% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.

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Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin derived activated carbon particulates as an electric supercapacitor: carbonization and activation on porous structures and microstructures

Hsieh

2017

RSC Adv.

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“…Activated carbons are amorphous carbon-based materials with a microcrystalline structure, having high surface area and adsorption capacities (Bansal et al, 1988(Bansal et al, , 2005. Coconut shells, bones, coal, petroleum, coke, lignite, and lignin (Cooper and Alley, 1994), wood chips (Khezami et al, 2005;Ramirez et al, 2008) and waste tires (Lehmann et al, 1998) are some of the raw materials used to make activated carbon. These raw materials are first dehydrated and then carbonized.…”

Section: Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of carbon nanotubes and granular activated carbon: Physicochemical properties and adsorption capacities

Gangupomu

Sattler

Ramirez

2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Their application to lignocellulosic biomass is widely used, but it is not as effective because of poor yields and low porosity development, arising from the excessive degradation of the organic substrate [21][22][23]. In this regard the HTC treated biomass is characterised by a more "coal-like" chemical structure, as a consequence it may represent a more suitable precursor for the production of highly porous activated carbons (ACs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the porosity of chemically activated hydrothermal carbons: Influence of the precursor and hydrothermal carbonization temperature

Falco

Marco-Lozar

Salinas-Torres

et al. 2013

Carbon

213

131

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Advanced porous materials with tailored porosity (extremely high development of microporosity together with a narrow micropore size distribution (MPSD)) are required in energy and environmental related applications. Lignocellulosic biomass derived HTC carbons are good precursors for the synthesis of activated carbons (ACs) via KOH chemical activation. However, more research is needed in order to tailor the microporosity for those specific applications. In the present work, the influence of the precursor and HTC temperature on the porous properties of the resulting ACs is analyzed, remarking that, regardless of the precursor, highly microporous ACs could be generated. The HTC temperature was found to be an extremely influential parameter affecting the porosity development and the MPSD of the ACs. Tuning of the MPSD of the ACs was achived by modification of the HTC temperature. Promising preliminary results in gas storage (i.e. CO 2 capture and high pressure CH 4 storage) were obtained with these materials, showing the effectiveness of this synthesis strategy in converting a low value lignocellulosic biomass into a functional carbon material with high performance in gas storage applications. IntroductionHydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) is now a well-established thermochemical synthesis alternative to produce functional carbon materials with a tunable chemical structure from pure carbohydrates or lignocellulosic biomass [1][2][3].During HTC, biomass-derived precursors are converted into valuable carbon materials using water as reaction medium at mild temperatures (< 200°C) under self-generated pressures [4]. Even though this methodology has been known for almost 100 years [5], its full potential, as a synthetic route for carbon materials having important applications in several fields such as catalysis, energy storage, CO 2 sequestration, water purification, soil remediation, has been revealed only recently, mainly via the work of Dr. Titirici and coworkers [6].Under hydrothermal conditions monosaccharides are dehydrated to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) via the well-known Lobry de Bruyn-Alberta van Ekstein rearrangement [7]. Once 5-HMF is formed, it is in situ "polymerised" yielding the HTC carbon product [8]. While most of the research efforts focus on the exploitation of HMF for the production of chemicals, bioplastics and biofuels [9], the Titirici´s group rediscovered these processes for the production of green and valuable carbon and carbon-hybrid materials [1,4].One of the main limiting factors, hindering the effective and straightforward exploitation of HTC carbons for several end-applications (eg. catalysis, separation science, energy production and storage), is their low surface area and porosity [10]. In the case of monosaccharide derived HTC carbons, this problem has been elegantly overcome by using hard\soft-templating strategies or by addition of structural directing agents [11][12][13]. Such synthetic routes are effective because of the homogeneous nature of the pre-HTC aqueous reaction mixt...

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Production and characterisation of activated carbon from wood components in powder: Cellulose, lignin, xylan

Cited by 203 publications

References 17 publications

Lignin derived activated carbon particulates as an electric supercapacitor: carbonization and activation on porous structures and microstructures

Lignin derived activated carbon particulates as an electric supercapacitor: carbonization and activation on porous structures and microstructures

Comparative study of carbon nanotubes and granular activated carbon: Physicochemical properties and adsorption capacities

Tailoring the porosity of chemically activated hydrothermal carbons: Influence of the precursor and hydrothermal carbonization temperature

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