Production and applications of activated carbons as adsorbents from olive stones

Abstract

Olive stones have been widely used as a renewable energy biowaste source. As they are rich in elemental carbon (40-45 wt%), much research focussed on effectively converting olive stones, as precursors, into activated carbon adsorbents. However, only a few studies have concentrated on summarising the various techniques used to produce activated carbon from olive stone. This article reviews the research undertaken on the production and application of activated carbon as an adsorbent from olive stones for wastewater treatment. Various physical, chemical and physico-chemical treatments to remove heavy metals, organics and dyes are discussed, and the resultant adsorption capacities are reported. In several cases, very high adsorption capacities are recorded. Finally, the future prospects of these materials as adsorbents are discussed, and after further development work, olive stone-derived activated carbons have great potential especially in the area of organic polluted wastewaters.

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

“…There is currently a reborn interest in research of the synthesis, characterization, and applications of activated carbons, as shown by recent reviews and the high number of publications on this topic that can be found in the technical literature [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Activated carbons can be synthesized from any carbonaceous precursor, such as coal [25][26][27], discarded tires [28][29][30], lignin [31][32][33], or biomass waste [34][35][36][37], among others, preferably with low inorganic content. Nowadays, most of the research is focused in the synthesis of activated carbons from biomass waste due to some unquestionable advantages: (1) this process results in the revalorization of waste, (2) the synthesized activated carbons have a lower cost since they are produced from low economic value precursors, (3) they are obtained from renewable resources, and (4) after their lifetime, the combustion of these activated carbons does not increase CO 2 accumulation in the atmosphere because this CO 2 has been previously captured during plant growth [38,39].…”

Preparation of cationic surfactant-modified kaolin for enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution

“…Adsorption on activated carbon has been widely used for the removal of a broad range of water pollutants, especially for low-to-moderate-concentration pollutants (Pérez-Candela et al 1995;Demirbas et al 2004;Khezami and Capart 2005). However, because of the high cost of activated carbon, it is desirable to search for a low-cost and efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) (Belachew and Bekele 2019;Saleem et al 2019).…”

Synthesis of a novel arginine-modified starch resin and its adsorption of dye wastewater

“…Activated carbon is amorphous carbon based on a graphite structure, with developed porosity, high specic surface and a certain amount of oxygen-containing groups. 45,46 In contrast to the zeolite and diatomite, the activated carbon had high adsorption capacity for AOG and AB80, but scarcely adsorbed AF. This indicates the activated carbon tended to adsorb the monoazo and anthraquinone dyes with fused ring structures, where in this mode, the van der Waals forces and p-p stacking effect between the sp 2 -hybridized C atoms of the activated carbon and fused rings of the dyes molecules play a signicant role.…”