Product-Service System design – an example of the logistics industry

Abstract

Product-Service System (PSS) has been perceived since the 90s as a concept supporting enterprises of various indus-tries in creating a competitive advantage and generating new value for customers by expanding the offer with addi-tional services related to the product. Product-Service System (PSS) draws attention to the life cycle of products and services and the circular economy, which supports sustainable development. All the time, practitioners and theorists report the need to develop new Product-Service System (PSS) for other industries. Until now, a number of practical and methodological aspects related to design remain unresolved. The paper presents issues related to the Product-Service System (PSS) and PSS design. A literature review and gaps in available methods are presented. A conceptual frame-work for Product-Service System (PSS) design that has been used in the logistics industry is presented. By referring to the design of a selected process from the logistics industry, it was presented how to analyze the process during design and what methods of design support to use. Reference is made to mathematical modeling based on the optimization function and computer modeling with the use of a simulation model. Attention was also paid to the importance of knowledge of the industry and having expert knowledge about the designed processes in the systems. It is also extremely important to have the appropriate data set for a given case. In addition to the general mathematical and computer model, reference was also made to a chosen element of Product-Service System (PSS). The mathematical and simulation model included in the study refer to the process of completing customer orders in a logistics company. It is one of the most laborious and time-consuming processes. The FlexSim simulation environment was used to perform the computer simulation. A total of 15 variants were considered, which differ in terms of the scope of services provided during the process. The scope of services significantly affects the cost, time and profit. The purpose of the constructed model is to find a variant for the adopted data in which the profits will be maximized while maintaining the constraints imposed on the system.

Expectations of manufacturing companies for suppliers regarding the improvement of their processes

“…The above-mentioned expectations are taken into account by enterprises as criteria for qualifying and evaluating suppliers. This evaluation is based on the experience of cooperation (Salwin et al, 2022;Benton Jr. et al 2020).…”

Model of Value Transfer in Crowdfunding and Sustainable Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Poland—Based on Survey Research

“…Sustainability efforts require considerable collaboration between different actors [41,[48][49][50][51], and the cross-cutting perspective of the business model makes it possible to explore such interactions [52][53][54][55][56][57]. The analysis conducted from this perspective focuses on value transfers (i.e., transactions) between the central organization and external actors in its value network [52,[58][59][60][61][62][63]. This perspective is in line with the so-called business model archi-tecture, which is an important area of research in understanding the business model but insufficiently researched [64][65][66].…”