Product Development Partnerships: Delivering Innovation for the Elimination of African Trypanosomiasis?

Taylor, Emma Michelle; Smith, James

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5010011

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Historically, innovation around drugs and diagnostics has not been not been a priority for HAT, and it is only recently with the advent of Product Development Partnerships that new tools have been developed [41]. Efforts to reach the 2020 elimination goal for HAT are on course.…”

Section: Goal: Global Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

NTD Diagnostics for Disease Elimination: A Review

Taylor

2020

Diagnostics

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Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) marked out for disease elimination provide a lens through which to explore the changing status of diagnosis in global health. This paper reports on the findings of a scoping review, which set out to explore the main debates around diagnosis for the elimination of NTDs, including the multiple roles diagnostic technologies are being ascribed and the ideal characteristics of tests. It also attempts to summarise the state of diagnosis for three NTDs with elimination goals. The review places special emphasis on point-of-care testing in acknowledgement of the remote and underserved areas where NTDs proliferate. Early NTD campaigns were largely focused on attack phase planning, whereby a similar set of interventions could be transplanted anywhere. Now, with elimination goals in sight, strategies must be tailored to local settings if they are to attain and sustain success. Diagnostic data helps with local adaptation and is increasingly used for programmatic decision-making. The review finds that elimination goals reframe whom diagnosis is for and the myriad roles diagnostics can play. The exigencies of elimination also serve to highlight deficiencies in the current diagnostic arsenal and development pipeline for many NTDs. Moving forward, a guiding framework is needed to drive research and stimulate investment in diagnosis to support NTD goals.

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Section: Goal: Global Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

NTD Diagnostics for Disease Elimination: A Review

Taylor

2020

Diagnostics

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“…The delivery of some products was a testament for the potential of PDPs. Paromomycin for visceral leishmaniasis (VC) was developed by the Institute for One World Health in 2006, and in 2019, fexinidazole was developed for Human African Trypanosomiasis by Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DND i ). , Clinical trials to determine the efficacy of paromomycin plus miltefosine, imiquimod plus antimony immunochemotherapy, and topical amphotericin B for CLs are being conducted by DND i . ,, …”

Section: Measures For Advancements In Drugs For Neglected Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities for Drug Discovery in Developing Countries: The Example of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Surur

Fekadu

Makonnen

et al. 2020

ACS Med. Chem. Lett.

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The current drug discovery paradigm has failed to address the treatment need for diseases of high priority to developing countries. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a good example of such diseases with virtually no new effective drug developed in the past 70 years. The past two decades had witnessed relatively increased attention toward neglected diseases by stimulating pharmaceutical industries through introductions of Priority Review Vouchers (PRVs) and Product Development Partnerships (PDPs). However, the lion’s share of resources allocated for research and development by PRVs and PDPs is directed toward research organizations and pharmaceutical industries in developed countries. This new approach has also not led to the development of drugs for most neglected diseases including cutaneous leishmaniasis. Improving the medical discovery capacity of countries where these diseases are prevalent and enabling exploration of the hitherto untapped natural resources are an effective and sustainable solution.

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“…We selected MMV as a second case to compare the relatively young organization Lygature, with a well-established and older example in the PDP arena for drug development. In this way, we are able to reflect on the fact that PDP status and model can change over time and that newer PDPs might be inspired by older PDPs (Taylor & Smith, 2020).…”

Section: Design and Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The challenge for PDPs as an organization is to bring public and private partners together, aimed at the discovery and development of, amongst others, pharmaceutical or diagnostic products (Chatelain & Ioset, 2011;Moran et al, 2010). It has been defined as a collaborative organizational innovation (Hayter & Nisar, 2018) covering 'a partnership model prioritizing a need-based approach to research and development' (Taylor & Smith, 2020: 2) 3 . PDPs can focus their research and development on one or multiple diseases (Borrás, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has made clear that PDPs have achieved goals such as contributing to innovations for diagnosis and treatment of poverty-related diseases and introducing drugs to the market (Moran et al, 2010;Taylor & Smith, 2020;de Vrueh et al, 2019). This paper specifically focuses on the challenge platform PDPs face of facilitating collaboration and convergence across different types of actors to reach such milestones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixing and Matching Institutions

Hoogstraaten¹

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In innovation and transition processes institutional change is pivotal. This is especially true when it comes to the diffusion of radical innovations, as the properties of such innovations do not match existing institutional frameworks. The role of institutions and institutional change has been acknowledged and incorporated in innovation and transition studies. Traditionally, however, scholars in those fields have had a tendency to emphasize the structural deterministic influence of institutions on innovation processes. Institutional theory offers theoretical and empirical insights into both the structural influences of institutions and the agency that actors exert over institutions and institutional change. In relation to institutional agency, notions of institutional heterogeneity and institutional complexity are considered from a structural deterministic viewpoint, as they are presumed to influence change agents’ activities. When heterogeneous institutional elements are strategically combined, however, the resulting institutional hybridity becomes the object and goal of change. In this thesis, I explore institutional hybridity from an agency perspective. I define institutional hybridity as the mixture or (re)combination of institutional elements that occurs in innovation processes, facilitating innovations to diffuse. The novelty of this approach is that it emphasizes the agentic role of innovators vis-à-vis institutional complexity. In addition to the structural influence of institutional complexity, I argue that institutionally complex environments and the hybridization of institutions can be actively and purposefully created and leveraged by actors to foster innovation. I analyze the process of institutional hybridization by researching three empirical cases. Each case focuses on a different level of institutional analysis (macro, meso, micro) and a congruent institutional agency framework. I research institutional hybridity at the macro-level by investigating two intermediary organizations which coordinate product-development partnerships (PDPs) focusing on the development of drugs for neglected tropical diseases. To do so, they actively straddle public and private institutional logics within one hybrid organization. I apply the literature on hybrid organizing to analyze their strategies. I research MedTech entrepreneurs in their efforts to tackle healthcare challenges, which represents the meso-level of institutional hybridity as they straddle multiple regimes – in this case the (information) technology sector and the healthcare sector. For this case, I adopted the institutional work framework. Finally, I focus on the micro-level by adopting a categorical perspective and investigating producers of meat substitutes and their efforts to straddle the categories of meat – which meat substitutes explicitly reference – and the category of vegetarian and vegan products. I describe what implications can be derived from these cases for innovation and transition studies. I provide an overview of four important frameworks focused on institutional agency that I have incorporated in this thesis (i.e. institutional entrepreneurship, hybrid organizing, institutional work and strategic categorizing), relate them to the Multi-Level Perspective framework and highlight their analytical strengths and weaknesses when it comes to understanding processes of institutional hybridization. As such I clarify and strengthen the embedding of institutional theories in innovation and transition studies. Furthermore, I reflect on what these insights can mean in terms of optimizing innovative policies and provide avenues for future research.

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Product Development Partnerships: Delivering Innovation for the Elimination of African Trypanosomiasis?

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

NTD Diagnostics for Disease Elimination: A Review

NTD Diagnostics for Disease Elimination: A Review

Challenges and Opportunities for Drug Discovery in Developing Countries: The Example of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Mixing and Matching Institutions

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