Producing biodiesel from waste animal oil by modified ZnO

Pang, Dandan; Tan, Hao; Zhu, Rongshu; Ouyang, Feng

doi:10.1080/15435075.2017.1324793

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Among the various alternative catalysts [19,20], zinc oxide received much attention due to its cheap, non-toxic, thermally stable, and amphoteric properties [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO/Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Renewable and Waste Lipids as Feedstocks

et al. 2019

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A new protocol for biodiesel production is proposed, based on a binary ZnO/TBAI (TBAI = tetrabutylammonium iodide) catalytic system. Zinc oxide acts as a heterogeneous, bifunctional Lewis acid/base catalyst, while TBAI plays the role of phase transfer agent. Being composed by the bulk form powders, the whole catalyst system proved to be easy to use, without requiring nano-structuration or tedious and costly preparation or pre-activation procedures. In addition, due to the amphoteric properties of ZnO, the catalyst can simultaneously promote transesterification and esterification processes, thus becoming applicable to common vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, jatropha, linseed, etc.) and animal fats (lard and fish oil), but also to waste lipids such as cooking oils (WCOs), highly acidic lipids from oil industry processing, and lipid fractions of municipal sewage sludge. Reusability of the catalyst system together with kinetic (Ea) and thermodynamic parameters of activation (ΔG‡ and ΔH‡) are also studied for transesterification reaction.

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“…Among the various alternative catalysts [19,20], zinc oxide received much attention due to its cheap, non-toxic, thermally stable, and amphoteric properties [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO/Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Renewable and Waste Lipids as Feedstocks

et al. 2019

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“…The M/G samples (M = MgO, BaO, ZnO, or MnO) were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation technique employing an aqueous solution of the metal nitrate precursor (Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O or Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , Sigma-Aldrich, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O or Mn(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O, Panreac) with an adequate concentration to achieve an atomic proportion of Cu/M 2:1. Then, the resulting materials were dried overnight at 383 K and were subsequently subjected to thermal treatment at 873 K (3 h, heating rate of 5 K/min) in a quartz U-shape reactor using helium as a carrier gas to obtain the corresponding metal oxide, except Mn/G, which was treated at 673 K. The temperature of the thermal treatment was selected taking into account other literature reports. − …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Catalytic Condensation of Ethanol into 1-Butanol: The Role of Metallic Oxides (M = MgO, BaO, ZnO, and MnO) in Cu-M/Graphite Catalysts

López-Olmos

Morales

Guerrero-Ruı́z

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Bifunctional catalysts supported over high-surface-area graphite comprising copper and a series of metallic oxides (MgO, BaO, ZnO, or MnO) that exhibit different acid/base properties were studied in the ethanol condensation reaction to 1butanol in a continuous flow reactor. This condensation reaction goes through the Guerbet mechanism, consisting of a multistep process based on hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions as well as base-catalyzed aldol condensation and acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions. The catalytic tests were performed in a fixed-bed reactor working in the gas phase at 50 bar and 503 K. The catalyst 5Cu-Mn/G exhibited the highest yield toward 1-butanol followed closely by 5Cu-Mg/G, unlike their counterparts with BaO and ZnO as the metal oxide. The cooperative action between the metal function as the hydrogenating/dehydrogenating agent and the suitable quantity of medium-high-strength basic sites and medium-weak-strength acid sites is responsible for the highest 1butanol yields.

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An investigation on CI engine characteristics using pork lard methyl ester at various injection pressures and injection timings

Ashok

Nanthagopal

Kumar

et al. 2019

International Journal of Green Energy

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Producing biodiesel from waste animal oil by modified ZnO

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

ZnO/Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Renewable and Waste Lipids as Feedstocks

ZnO/Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Renewable and Waste Lipids as Feedstocks

Continuous Catalytic Condensation of Ethanol into 1-Butanol: The Role of Metallic Oxides (M = MgO, BaO, ZnO, and MnO) in Cu-M/Graphite Catalysts

An investigation on CI engine characteristics using pork lard methyl ester at various injection pressures and injection timings

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