Producing a high-quality synthetic steamcracker feedstock from different aromatic model components of pyrolysis gasoline on bifunctional zeolite catalysts

Raichle, Andreas; Traa, Yvonne; Weitkamp, Jens

doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(02)00054-8

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…400 °C and a hydrogen pressure of approximately 6.0 M Pa. Under these conditions the combined yields of ethane, propane and n ‐butane (“C 2+ ‐ n ‐alkanes”) from various aromatic model hydrocarbons were found to be between 70 and 95 % 83. In the two‐stage route, the aromatics in the pyrolysis gasoline are first hydrogenated to the corresponding naphthenes on a conventional hydrogenation catalyst.…”

Section: Hydrocracking Of One‐ring Aromatics Into a Synthetic Steamentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydrocracking—Mechanisms and Versatility of the Process

2012

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Hydrocracking of saturated hydrocarbons can proceed by means of four distinctly different mechanisms. On bifunctional catalysts comprising hydrogenation/dehydrogenation and Brønsted acid sites alkenes and carbocations occur as intermediates. The current mechanistic views of bifunctional hydrocracking of long‐chain n‐alkanes are discussed in detail with emphasis on the now widely accepted concept of ideal hydrocracking. Other mechanisms are hydrogenolysis and Haag–Dessau hydrocracking which proceed, respectively, on monofunctional metallic and acidic catalysts. Even without a catalyst, thermal hydrocracking occurs in chain reactions via radicals. The chemistry of hydrocracking naphthenes on bifunctional catalysts resembles that of alkanes. A peculiarity, however, is the pronounced reluctance of cyclic carbenium ions to undergo endocyclic β‐scissions. The effect manifests itself in the so‐called paring reaction, which, in turn, forms the basis for measuring the Spaciousness Index for characterizing the effective pore width of zeolitic catalysts. Hydrocracking on bifunctional catalysts is among the very important processes in modern petroleum refining. It is primarily used for converting heavy oils into diesel and jet fuel. Besides, hydrocracking is appreciated for its pronounced versatility: numerous process variants exist which help to meet specific requirements in refineries or petrochemical plants. Two recent developments are briefly discussed in this review, viz. the conversion of surplus aromatics, e.g., in pyrolysis gasoline, into a synthetic feedstock for steam crackers, and quality enhancement of diesel fuel by selective ring opening of polynuclear aromatics.

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Section: Hydrocracking Of One‐ring Aromatics Into a Synthetic Steamentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydrocracking—Mechanisms and Versatility of the Process

2012

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“…It has been proposed [91] that the product distributions observed at 400 • C in the direct conversion of aromatics on bifunctional forms of zeolite ZSM-5 are best interpreted in terms of a classical bifunctional hydrocracking mechanism which is superimposed by Haag-Dessau cracking combined with hydrogenation reactions. While Haag-Dessau cracking is believed to be responsible for the formation of methane and part of the desired hydrocarbons ethane, propane and n-butane, bifunctional hydrocracking with the various modes of β-scission shown in Fig.…”

Section: Direct Ring Opening Of Aromatics On Bifunctional Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While Haag-Dessau cracking is believed to be responsible for the formation of methane and part of the desired hydrocarbons ethane, propane and n-butane, bifunctional hydrocracking with the various modes of β-scission shown in Fig. This can be concluded from the finding that the yields of individual hydrocracked products depend markedly on the nature of the aromatic hydrocarbon used as feed [91], as demonstrated in Fig. This can be concluded from the finding that the yields of individual hydrocracked products depend markedly on the nature of the aromatic hydrocarbon used as feed [91], as demonstrated in Fig.…”

Section: Direct Ring Opening Of Aromatics On Bifunctional Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ring Opening of Aromatics

Weitkamp

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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The sections in this article are Introduction Fundamentals of Hydrodecyclization of Cycloalkanes Hydrogenolysis on Metals Hydrocracking on Bifunctional Catalysts Cracking and Activation of Hydrogen on Monofunctional Acidic Catalysts Ring Opening of Aromatics in Diesel and Jet Fuels Bifunctional Catalysts Metal Catalysts Acid Catalysts Ring Opening of Aromatics in Gasoline Without Degradation of the Carbon Number Ring Opening of Aromatics in Pyrolysis Gasoline Followed by Hydrocracking into a Synthetic Steam‐Cracker Feed Hydrodecyclization and Hydrocracking of Cycloalkanes on Acid Zeolites Direct Ring Opening of Aromatics on Bifunctional Zeolites Conclusions Acknowledgments

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“…As a result, there is an increasing interest in the production of high quality synthetic steam-cracker feed from pygas [4][5][6][7] for the production of ethylene and propylene. To achieve this goal, noble metal (mostly Pd and Pt) based catalysts have traditionally been used in the hydrocracking process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Ni Based Catalyst for Toluene Hydrocracking

et al. 2009

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The one step hydrocracking of toluene to n-paraffins was successfully carried out using a Ni-based bifunctional catalyst supported on H-ZSM-5 zeolite. Two methods of catalyst preparation were compared and a quantifiable difference in selectivity was identified depending on the preparation method. Additionally, a high C 2? n-alkane selectivity of *75% was obtained with both catalysts, which is comparable to previous work using Pd. Both catalysts generated a toluene conversion of 100%.

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Producing a high-quality synthetic steamcracker feedstock from different aromatic model components of pyrolysis gasoline on bifunctional zeolite catalysts

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Catalytic Hydrocracking—Mechanisms and Versatility of the Process

Catalytic Hydrocracking—Mechanisms and Versatility of the Process

Ring Opening of Aromatics

High Performance Ni Based Catalyst for Toluene Hydrocracking

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