Producing a CO2-neutral clean cooking fuel in India – Where and at what cost?

Grové, Johannes; Greig, Chris; Smart, Simon; Lant, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.070

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The DME market is expected to reach over $10 billion by 2025 . Based on a hypothetical scenario for a 2040 vision set by Grové et al, the production price of DME would be dependent on CAPEX, energy efficiency of electrolysis, and renewable electricity availability. DME is also of interest as a feedstock for hydrocarbon production, as a substitute for methanol …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Optimization of Mass and Heat Flux Profiles in a Multifunctional Reactor for CO₂ and H₂ Valorization to Dimethyl Ether

Behloul

Commenge

Castel

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Dimethyl ether is one of the future synthetic fuels in the 2025–2050 energy mix. This work presents a detailed numerical optimization approach for a multifunctional reactor for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO2 and H2, with a specific focus on the methodological aspect that can be used as a guide to help or evaluate the development of innovative technological strategies. An innovative approach based on the dynamic optimization of the mass and heat flux profiles is applied for the intensified configuration, coupling simultaneously the reaction, heat exchange, and membrane separation (R–E–M). Several degrees of freedom and optimization strategies (mono- and multi-objective/deterministic and stochastic) are addressed. The energetic criterion is evaluated, namely, the total heat power exchanged. Optimization results highlight the performance improvement potentialities offered through the optimal exploitation of the synergy between these elementary functions. Simulation results show that the kinetic inhibition caused by water can be overcome and that a water-free process output is achievable, enabling an economic gain due the removal of a postreaction separation (water/methanol). The heat flux optimization provides more flexibility for mass transfer. Up to 95 and 98% in DME yield and CO2 conversion have been obtained per single pass for optimal theoretical heat- and mass-transfer flux profiles, respectively, within a multifunctional reactor. The results are obtained for the reactor inlet temperature and pressure of 518.15 K and 70 bar, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Optimization of Mass and Heat Flux Profiles in a Multifunctional Reactor for CO₂ and H₂ Valorization to Dimethyl Ether

Behloul

Commenge

Castel

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Projections suggest that by 2040 there may be up to 150 million electric vehicles globally, approximately 10% of which may be in India. Comparatively, India's total vehicle fleet is expected to grow by more than 465 million vehicles, however, resulting in an increased dependence on gasoline and diesel [75].…”

Section: Dme and Alternative Energy Futuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy transitions in developing countries and the role of alternative liquid fuels in reducing energy poverty: exploring the use of domestically produced dimethyl ether (DME) to augment the use of imported liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a clean cooking fuel in India

Grové¹

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The lack of access to electricity and clean cooking fuels is commonly referred to as energy poverty. In 2014, approximately 819 million people in India relied on solid fuels (including wood, crop residue, dung and coal) for cooking, the use of which is claimed to contribute to premature death caused by indoor air pollution, deforestation and gender inequality. In the interest of improved health and wellbeing, the Indian Government is, therefore, promoting a transition to the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a cleaner cooking fuel. Dimethyl ether (DME) is a LPG compatible synthetic fuel, and the primary purpose of this thesis is to understand the use of domestically produced DME to offset a growing Indian LPG import requirement.The thesis starts by exploring the links between alternative liquid fuels production and use, human wellbeing, energy poverty reduction and sustainable development (Objective 1).The analysis finds that the proportional share of income used to purchase fuel is larger in developing countries when compared with richer, more developed countries, and that extended periods of high oil prices may exacerbate poverty in developing countries which are dependent on oil imports. In addition to reducing this vulnerability, there is a strong (potential) synergy between the production and use of alternative liquid fuels and several of the United Nations sustainable development goals. These include the provision of affordable and clean energy, promoting economic growth, climate action, reducing inequality and improving health and wellbeing. Affordability is a key driver in the adoption (and continued use) of cleaner cooking fuels globally. Therefore, to be considered viable, the cost of domestically produced DME would have to be equal or lower than the cost of imported LPG. In this context, the remainder of the thesis is devoted to the technoeconomic evaluation of producing DME from three different feedstocks, each offering a different greenhouse gas emissions intensity.The first evaluation (Objective 2) is based on the conversion of low-grade Indian coal in Jharkhand, where 18% of households used coal as a cooking fuel in 2011. Based on using a similar (energy equivalent) quantity of coal, it was found that producing DME (with associated excess electricity) would likely require oil prices greater than $73 per barrel to be cost competitive with imported LPG.iii Additionally, and due to higher overall process and cooking energy efficiency, this approach could result in 36% less coal being consumed when compared with direct use of the coal for cooking and as a means of producing an equivalent amount of electricity.India's metropolitan cities generate large quantities of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), 90% of which is disposed of onto unsanitary landfills, creating major environmental and health concerns. This second evaluation (Objective 3) therefore considers the techno-economic merits of reducing some of these impacts by converting a portion of the MSW generated in Kolkata into DME. Results su...

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Accepting Renewable Technologies for Waste Management Promoting Sustainable Living Among Rural Habitats

Chandrasen

Akash

2019

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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Producing a CO2-neutral clean cooking fuel in India – Where and at what cost?

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Modeling and Optimization of Mass and Heat Flux Profiles in a Multifunctional Reactor for CO₂ and H₂ Valorization to Dimethyl Ether

Modeling and Optimization of Mass and Heat Flux Profiles in a Multifunctional Reactor for CO₂ and H₂ Valorization to Dimethyl Ether

Energy transitions in developing countries and the role of alternative liquid fuels in reducing energy poverty: exploring the use of domestically produced dimethyl ether (DME) to augment the use of imported liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a clean cooking fuel in India

Accepting Renewable Technologies for Waste Management Promoting Sustainable Living Among Rural Habitats

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Producing a CO2-neutral clean cooking fuel in India – Where and at what cost?

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Modeling and Optimization of Mass and Heat Flux Profiles in a Multifunctional Reactor for CO2 and H2 Valorization to Dimethyl Ether

Modeling and Optimization of Mass and Heat Flux Profiles in a Multifunctional Reactor for CO2 and H2 Valorization to Dimethyl Ether

Energy transitions in developing countries and the role of alternative liquid fuels in reducing energy poverty: exploring the use of domestically produced dimethyl ether (DME) to augment the use of imported liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a clean cooking fuel in India

Accepting Renewable Technologies for Waste Management Promoting Sustainable Living Among Rural Habitats

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Product

Resources

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Modeling and Optimization of Mass and Heat Flux Profiles in a Multifunctional Reactor for CO₂ and H₂ Valorization to Dimethyl Ether

Modeling and Optimization of Mass and Heat Flux Profiles in a Multifunctional Reactor for CO₂ and H₂ Valorization to Dimethyl Ether