Produced water treatment technologies

Igunnu, Ebenezer T.; Chen, George

doi:10.1093/ijlct/cts049

Cited by 522 publications

(332 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Floriculture is distinguished by its economic and social importance in Brazil (Silva et al, 2015), and there is also a demand in the domestic market for flowers and ornamental plants (Junqueira & Peetz, 2014). This fact reinforces the idea of testing ornamental sunflower under irrigation, in the field, with wastewater from the petroleum industry, among other water sources available in the Brazilian Semiarid Region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The problem is that produced water contains various organic and mineral constituents, and it may also contain toxic metals (Igunnu & Chen, 2014), which leads to recommendations that produced water should undergo treatment. In the oilfield Belém farm of Petrobras, located in the Potiguar basin that covers territorial parts of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte states, produced water undergoes filtration and treatment process by reverse osmosis (Melo et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of ornamental sunflower irrigated with oilfield produced water in the Brazilian semiarid region

Weber

Crisóstomo

Miranda

et al. 2017

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with oilfield produced water on the concentration of some soil nutrients, as well as on the performance and concentration of nutrients in the roots and on aerial parts of the ornamental sunflower 'Sunbright' (Helianthus annuus), and to define the operating costs for the production of floral stems under an irrigated system. 'Sunbright' sunflower plants were cultivated in a Typic Quartzipsamment in the state of Ceará, Brazil, and subjected to drip irrigation treatments with oilfield produced water treated by filtration (PWF), or by reverse osmosis (PWO), besides a control treatment with groundwater (GW) from the Açu aquifer. The study was carried out for three successive production cycles. Irrigation with PWF modifies the concentration of exchangeable salts in the soil, increasing Na + in the shallow layers, affecting the vegetative growth and the nutrient accumulation in the roots and shoots, in such a way that brackish water may impact operating costs and revenues in the production of floral stems. PWO has a minor effect on soil nutrients and it is not able to modify the agronomic performance of the ornamental sunflowers, in comparison with irrigation with GW. The cost-benefit ratio was positive with all types of water in the following order: GW> PWF> PWO.Index terms: Helianthus annuus, cut flower, irrigation, resource use efficiency, wastewater reuse. Produção de girassol ornamental irrigado com água produzida de petróleo na região do Semiárido brasileiroResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da irrigação com água produzida de campos de petróleo sobre a concentração de alguns nutrientes do solo, assim como sobre o desempenho e a concentração de nutrientes nas raízes e nas partes aéreas do girassol (Helianthus annuus) ornamental 'Sunbright', e definir os custos operacionais para a produção de hastes florais em um sistema irrigado. As plantas de girassol 'Sunbright' foram cultivadas em um Neossolo Quartzarênico no Estado do Ceará, e submetidas a tratamentos de irrigação por gotejamento, com água produzida de petróleo tratada por filtração (PWF) e por osmose inversa (PWO), além de um tratamento-controle com água subterrânea (GW) do aquífero Açu. O estudo foi realizado por três ciclos de produção sucessivos. A irrigação com PWF modifica a concentração de sais trocáveis no solo, ao aumentar o Na + nas camadas superficiais, o que afeta o crescimento vegetativo e o acúmulo de nutrientes nas raízes e nas partes aéreas das plantas, de modo que a água salobra pode impactar os custos operacionais e as receitas na produção de hastes florais. PWO tem um efeito menor em nutrientes do solo e não é capaz de modificar o desempenho agronômico dos girassóis ornamentais, em comparação à irrigação com GW. A relação custo-benefício foi positiva com todos os tipos de água, na seguinte ordem: GW> PWF> PWO.Termos para indexação: Helianthus annuus, flor de corte, irrigação, uso eficiente de recurso, reuso de água residuária.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of ornamental sunflower irrigated with oilfield produced water in the Brazilian semiarid region

Weber

Crisóstomo

Miranda

et al. 2017

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…Less-soluble polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy phenols are usually found in produced water as dispersed oil (Igunnu & Chen, 2012). "The amount of dispersed oil in produced water depends on the density of oil, the shear history of the droplet, the amount of oil precipitation, and interfacial tension between the water and oil."…”

Section: Inorganic Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of solids in produced water from wells fractured with recycled and fresh water

2016

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

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CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLIDS IN PRODUCED WATER FROM WELLS FRACTURED WITH RECYCLED AND FRESH WATERWater management is a central issue in oil and gas development. Hydraulic fracturing applied in unconventional tight oil and gas development requires large amounts of water, and the wastewater that results after production--containing high levels of organic and inorganic matter--usually is disposed of through deep well injection. A new approach reuses this produced water as part of subsequent fracturing fluid, an alternative that could significantly reduce both fresh water demand and the cost associated with deep well injection. However, produced water must be treated prior to reuse, to remove most of the suspended solids and multivalent ions that would otherwise cause scale or clogging problems. Understanding the amount and composition of solids in produced water is crucial in achieving optimized treatment and reuse.This study targeted the characterization, both qualitatively and quantitatively, of the solids in produced water from oil and gas operations and the comparison of solids from wells fractured with fresh water and recycled water. Samples were collected from five wells at the Crow Creek and Chandler State pads in the Wattenberg field of Northern Colorado. Wells in the same pad were fractured either with fresh surface water only or with water blended with some portion of recycled produced water. Gravimetric analyses of dissolved and suspended solids were performed, and particle size distributions of suspended solids were measured. Suspended solids also were isolated and characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).Gravimetric analyses showed that total dissolved solids (TDS) averaged about 24000 mg/L and 17000 mg/L for Crow Creek and Chandler State wells, respectively. Total suspended iii solids (TSS) concentrations were much lower, measuring 550 and 260 mg/L for the two pads.About 9 to25 percent of TDS was volatile and 88 to 99 percent of TSS was highly volatile.Particle sizes were high during first few days of production and then stabilized at about 400 nm and 900 nm for wells on the Crow Creek and Chandler State pads, respectively. At the Crow Creek pad, particle sizes were smaller and mono-distributed in produced water samples collected during the first week of production from the well fractured with recycled water, suggesting that the recycled water was more compatible with shale formation and that wells fractured with recycled water tend to clean out faster. XPS tests for isolated suspended solids showed the presence of major elements such as oxygen, carbon, and silicon, along with minor elements such as calcium, magnesium, zirconium, iron, and others. Core-level scanning confirmed that the isolated suspended solids were mainly composed of carbonate based minerals and metal oxides; several iron compounds with different valences were also found in the produced water samples.

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“…The decrease in K, Al and Cl could be linked to the use of the elements for the formation of salts that filled significant voids in TFC as shown in SSAT images. It could be taught that chlorine present in the paint effluent (PE) took active part in the formation of the salt [31,32] and subsequent depletion of Na, K and Al. Figure 5 shows that spectra of TFS, TFC and SSAT exhibit 30, 19 and 22 discernible peaks at frequency of 600-4000 cm -1 with a threshold of 0.44, 1.17 and 0.88, respectively [33].…”

Section: Sem and Elemental Analyses Of Tfs Tfc And Ssatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-treatment sludge analyses and purification of paint effluent by coag-flocculation method

Menkiti

Ezemagu

Nwoye

et al. 2015

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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Tympanotonos fuscatus shell (T. fuscatus shell), an abundant eco-friendly waste was used as a precursor for the production of Tympanotonos fuscatus coagulant (TFC) for the purification of paint effluent (PE). Tympanotonos fuscatus shells (TFS) are of crustacean origin consisting mainly of chitin, calcium carbonate, entrained protein and other organic matrixes. Influence of pH, dosage and settling time on treatment efficiency was studied. Scanning electron microscopic, Fourier transform infra red, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetric/thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to investigate, respectively, the surface morphology, functional group, crystalline/lattice structure and thermal stability of TFS, TFC and settled sludge after treatment. The PE was optimally treated at 2 g/L TFC dosage, pH 5 and 97 % efficiency. Results indicated that TFC could be an efficient treatment agent for PE at the conditions of the experiment. Concentration of turbidity at time t = 0 N t Concentration of turbidity at time

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Produced water treatment technologies

Cited by 522 publications

References 71 publications

Production of ornamental sunflower irrigated with oilfield produced water in the Brazilian semiarid region

Production of ornamental sunflower irrigated with oilfield produced water in the Brazilian semiarid region

Characterization of solids in produced water from wells fractured with recycled and fresh water

Post-treatment sludge analyses and purification of paint effluent by coag-flocculation method

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