Prodigious emission rates and magma degassing budget of major, trace and radioactive volatile species from Ambrym basaltic volcano, Vanuatu island Arc

Allard, P.; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Bani, Philipson; Métrich, Nicole; Bertagnini, A.; Gauthier, Pierre‐Jean; Shinohara, Hiroshi; Sawyer, G. M.; Parello, Francesco; Bagnato, E.; Pelletier, Bernard; Garaebiti, E.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.10.004

Cited by 72 publications

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“…Extensive radioactive disequilibrium between the three radionuclides reported in Ambrym volcanic gas is concordant with observations from other basaltic volcanoes [49,50]. The radioisotopic disequilibrium is attributed by Allard et al [48] to the very different volatilisation rates of the three radionuclides during high-temperature basalt degassing ( 210 Po > 210 Bi > 210 Pb). All 210 Po is volatilised, whereas the emanation rate is two orders of magnitude lower.…”

Section: Magmatic Rocks and Related Hydrothermal Systemssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…For example, Allard et al [48] document extremely high fluxes from the Ambrym basaltic volcano, Vanuatu Island Arc, in the South Pacific Ocean. Based on direct measurements, these authors maintain that this volcano is among the most powerful volcanic gas emitters on Earth, producing between 5% and 9% of current estimates for global subaerial volcanic emissions of 210 Pb and 210 Po.…”

Section: Magmatic Rocks and Related Hydrothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on direct measurements, these authors maintain that this volcano is among the most powerful volcanic gas emitters on Earth, producing between 5% and 9% of current estimates for global subaerial volcanic emissions of 210 Pb and 210 Po. Data for both dissolved and emitted magmatic volatiles are used to estimate the depth, size and degassing rate of the basaltic magma reservoir that sustains the eruptive activity [48]. In the aforementioned paper, Allard et al note radioactive disequilibrium of 210 Pb, 210 Bi and 210 Po in the volcanic gas phase and use this to constrain the renewal rate and dynamic time scales of the magma reservoir.…”

Section: Magmatic Rocks and Related Hydrothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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210Pb and 210Po in Geological and Related Anthropogenic Materials: Implications for Their Mineralogical Distribution in Base Metal Ores

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The distributions of 210 Pb and 210 Po, short half-life products of 238 U decay, in geological and related anthropogenic materials are reviewed, with emphasis on their geochemical behaviours and likely mineral hosts. Concentrations of natural 210 Pb and 210 Po in igneous and related hydrothermal environments are governed by release from crustal reservoirs. 210 Po may undergo volatilisation, inducing disequilibrium in magmatic systems. In sedimentary environments (marine, lacustrine, deltaic and fluvial), as in soils, concentrations of 210 Pb and 210 Po are commonly derived from a combination of natural and anthropogenic sources. Enhanced concentrations of both radionuclides are reported in media from a variety of industrial operations, including uranium mill tailings, waste from phosphoric acid production, oil and gas exploitation and energy production from coals, as well as in residues from the mining and smelting of uranium-bearing copper ores. Although the mineral hosts of the two radionuclides in most solid media are readily defined as those containing parent 238 U and 226 Ra, their distributions in some hydrothermal U-bearing ores and the products of processing those ores are much less well constrained. Much of the present understanding of these radionuclides is based on indirect data rather than direct observation and potential hosts are likely to be diverse, with deportments depending on the local geochemical environment. Some predictions can nevertheless be made based on the geochemical properties of 210 Pb and 210 Po and those of the intermediate products of 238 U decay, including isotopes of Ra and Rn. Alongside all U-bearing minerals, the potential hosts of 210 Pb and 210 Po may include Pb-bearing chalcogenides such as galena, as well as a range of sulphates, carbonates, and Fe-oxides. 210 Pb and 210 Po are also likely to occur as nanoparticles adsorbed onto the surface of other minerals, such as clays, Fe-(hydr)oxides and possibly also carbonates. In rocks, unsupported 210 Pb-and/or 210 Po-bearing nanoparticles may also be present within micro-fractures in minerals and at the interfaces of mineral grains. Despite forming under very limited and special conditions, the local-scale isotopic disequilibrium they infer is highly relevant for understanding their distributions in mineralized rocks and processing products.

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Section: Magmatic Rocks and Related Hydrothermal Systemssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Magmatic Rocks and Related Hydrothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magmatic Rocks and Related Hydrothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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210Pb and 210Po in Geological and Related Anthropogenic Materials: Implications for Their Mineralogical Distribution in Base Metal Ores

et al. 2018

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“…More recently, Gauthier et al [15] proposed a dynamic degassing model for which radioactive disequilibria in the gas phase also depend on the magma residence time in the degassing reservoir because of continuous regeneration of highly volatile 210 Po by decay of its less volatile parent ( 210 Bi) within the reservoir. This latter model has been successfully applied to persistently degassing, open-conduit, basaltic volcanoes like Stromboli [15] or Ambrym [20]. At these two volcanoes, both the magma residence time in the degassing reservoir and the transfer time of the gas phase towards the surface were estimated and were shown to vary according to eruptive activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Degassing Model to Infer Magma Dynamics from Radioactive Disequilibria in Volcanic Plumes

et al. 2018

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Pb within gas bubbles en route to the surface. Theoretical short-lived radioactive disequilibria in volcanic gases predicted by this new model differ from those produced by the former models and better match the values we measured in the plume during the 2015 campaign. A Monte Carlo-like simulation based on variable parameters characterising the degassing process (magma residence time in the degassing reservoir, gas transfer time, Rn-Pb-Bi-Po volatilities, magma volatile content) suggests that short-lived disequilibria in volcanic gases may be of use to infer both magma dynamics and degassing kinetics beneath Mount Etna, and in general at basaltic volcanoes. However, this simulation emphasizes the need for accurately determined input parameters in order to produce unambiguous results, allowing sharp characterisation of degassing processes.

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“…Hydrogen fluoride is measurable with filter packs (Pennisi and Le Cloarec, 1998;Mather et al, 2004;Allard et al, 2016), diffusion tubes (Rüdiger et al, 2017) and direct sampling by bubbling through alkali solutions (Giggenbach and Matsuo, 1991;Wittmer et al, 2014), all of which require post-collection analysis in a chemical laboratory. Open-path Fourier transform spectroscopy (Burton et al, 2000(Burton et al, , 2007Duffel et al, 2001Duffel et al, , 2003Horrocks et al, 2003) measures both CO 2 and HF directly in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diode laser-based gas analyser for the simultaneous measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> and HF in volcanic plumes

et al. 2018

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Abstract. A portable analyser is described for simultaneous detection of CO 2 and HF emitted by volcanoes and fumaroles. The system is based on two fibre-coupled distributed feedback lasers and only one multipass cell, and provides the absolute concentration values of the two gases, without requiring a calibration procedure, at a maximum rate of 4 Hz. The spectrometer can operate both in a closed-cell configuration and in an open-cell set-up, with the latter mitigating problems associated with chemisorption of the HF molecule. The concept, practical realization and laboratory performance of the device are presented, together with results from a first test campaign measuring volcanic gases emitted from the crater of Vulcano, Italy. We obtained an in-field sensitivity of 320 ppb for CO 2 and 20 ppb for HF at 2 s integration time.

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Prodigious emission rates and magma degassing budget of major, trace and radioactive volatile species from Ambrym basaltic volcano, Vanuatu island Arc

Cited by 72 publications

References 100 publications

210Pb and 210Po in Geological and Related Anthropogenic Materials: Implications for Their Mineralogical Distribution in Base Metal Ores

210Pb and 210Po in Geological and Related Anthropogenic Materials: Implications for Their Mineralogical Distribution in Base Metal Ores

A New Degassing Model to Infer Magma Dynamics from Radioactive Disequilibria in Volcanic Plumes

Diode laser-based gas analyser for the simultaneous measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> and HF in volcanic plumes

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Prodigious emission rates and magma degassing budget of major, trace and radioactive volatile species from Ambrym basaltic volcano, Vanuatu island Arc

Cited by 72 publications

References 100 publications

210Pb and 210Po in Geological and Related Anthropogenic Materials: Implications for Their Mineralogical Distribution in Base Metal Ores

210Pb and 210Po in Geological and Related Anthropogenic Materials: Implications for Their Mineralogical Distribution in Base Metal Ores

A New Degassing Model to Infer Magma Dynamics from Radioactive Disequilibria in Volcanic Plumes

Diode laser-based gas analyser for the simultaneous measurement of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and HF in volcanic plumes

Contact Info

Product

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Diode laser-based gas analyser for the simultaneous measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> and HF in volcanic plumes