Procyanidins and butanol extract of Cinnamomi Cortex inhibit SARS-CoV infection

Abstract

We found that the butanol fraction of Cinnamomi Cortex (CC/Fr.2) showed moderate inhibitory activity in wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (wtSARS-CoV) and HIV/SARS-CoV S pseudovirus infections. The inhibition on pseudovirus was also seen in cells pretreated with the CC and CC/Fr.2 (IC(50S), 283.4+/-16.3 and 149.5+/-13.5 microg/ml, respectively), however the highest activities on wtSARS-CoV were observed when the viruses were treated by the extracts before challenging (IC(50S), 43.1+/-2.8 and 7.8+/-0.3 microg/ml; SIs, 8.4 and 23.1, respectively). Among the compounds fractionated from CC, procyanidin A2 and procyanidin B1 showed moderate anti-wtSARS-CoV activity (IC(50S), 29.9+/-3.3 and 41.3+/-3.4 microM; SIs, 37.35 and 15.69, respectively). We also sought to determine whether they could interfere with the clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway using transferrin receptor (TfR) as an indicator. CC/Fr.2 inhibited the internalization of TfR but the procyanidins did not. Taken together, CC/Fr.2 contains unknown substances, that could inhibit the infection, probably by interfering with endocytosis, and it also contains procyanidins that did not inhibit the internalization but inhibited the infection. Therefore, CC extracts contain anti-virus activities that act through distinct mechanisms according to differences in the compounds or mixtures.

Procyanidin B1 Purified fromCinnamomi CortexSuppresses Hepatitis C Virus Replication

“…In our previous study, procyanidins, a class of flavanols, purified from Cinnamomi cortex inhibited severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) replication in vitro [7]. We examined the effects of procyanidin B1 (PB1) on the entire HCV replication process using two HCV assays (HCV pseudotype and subgenomic replicon systems) and further studied the mechanisms of action of PB1 on HCV replication.…”

“…CD71 (transferrin receptor) was used as a negative control as PB1 does not affect CD71 expression [7]. The proportion of positive-staining cells and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) were little changed by PB1 treatment ( Table 1).…”

Monomeric catechin and dimeric procyanidin B2 against human norovirus surrogates and their physicochemical interactions

“…These substances are known to exhibit an array of health benefits and pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities (Alvarez et al, 2012;Khurana et al, 2013;Terra et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2014a). As reported earlier, these polyphenols have shown antiviral activity against influenza virus (Yang et al, 2014b), hepatitis C virus (Takeshita et al, 2009) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Zhuang et al, 2009). Previous studies suggest that antiviral activity is associated with oligomeric procyanidins.…”

Design, synthesis, and molecular hybrids of caudatin and cinnamic acids as novel anti-hepatitis B virus agents

“…Cinnamic acid analogs (esters, amides and glycosides) have attracted much attention in biology and medicine because of their antiviral [33,34], antiatherogenic [35], antitumor [36,37], antituberculosis [38,39], antioxidant [40,41], and antibacterial [42,43] properties. For example, cinnamic acid (2, Fig.…”