Procyanidin Trimers to Pentamers Fractionated from Apple Inhibit Melanogenesis in B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells

Abstract

The effects of apple polyphenols on melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells were investigated. The inhibitory effect of apple polyphenols was stronger than that of arbutin or kojic acid. Three polyphenol fractions (phenolic acid derivatives, procyanidins and other flavonoids) were isolated, and the procyanidins were fractionated according to the degree of polymerization using normal-phase chromatography. The procyanidin trimer-to-pentamer fractions were found to have the most pronounced effect on melanogenesis. Furthermore, each procyanidin fraction inhibited mushroom tyrosinase. No correlation between the degree of procyanidin polymerization and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed. Nevertheless, these observations suggest that procyanidins are effective inhibitors of tyrosinase.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Purification of Oligomeric Procyanidins, Trimers up to Nonamers, Derived from the Bark of Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril)

“…Procyanidins have been reported to exhibit a variety of biological activities, including strong antioxidative or free radical scavenging effects, 29,30) inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), 31) anti-inflammatory and pigmentation inhibition, 9) anti-cataract effects in diabetic rats, 32) anti-tumor-promotion, 33) inhibition of melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells, 34) secretion of interleukin-5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 35) and inhibition of cellular adherence and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of mutans Streptococci.…”

Skin-Lightening Effect of a Polyphenol Extract from Acerola (Malpighia emarginataDC.) Fruit on UV-Induced Pigmentation

“…Considerable evidence exists to suggest that polyphenols in the human diet participate in preventing degenerative diseases, many of which are attributed to their potential antioxidative properties. [10][11][12] Some polyphenols have been found to prevent tyrosinase activity [13][14][15] and to suppress melanogenesis in melanocytes, 16,17) and are thus considered to be promising candidates for the development of skin-lightening agents.…”

Melanogenesis Inhibition by Gallotannins from Chinese Galls in B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells

“…Proanthocyanidin oligomers and tannins have been reported to inhibit melanogenesis in melanoma cells. 3,4) At present, ten kinds of herbal medicines used as skin care agents in traditional medicine were evaluated by a melanogenesis assay. Among the tested samples, the tyrosinase inhibition of Chinese galls was strongest.…”