Procyanidin-Rich Extract from Grape Seeds as a Putative Tool against Helicobacter pylori

Abstract

Strains of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) resistant to various antibiotics have increased in recent years. In this context, the search for new therapeutic approaches is crucial. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the antibacterial activity of a procyanidin-rich extract obtained from food-grade winery grape seeds against 14 H. pylori strains and elucidate its phenolic composition. Ten strains (71.4%) showed resistance to at least some of the tested antibiotics, while four isolates (28.6%) were susceptible to all antibiotics. Resistance to more than one class of antibiotics was observed in six strains (42.9%). The extract was able to inhibit the growth of all H. pylori strains in a range of a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from 0.015 mg/mL to 0.125 mg/mL, confirming also the existence of a strain-dependent effect. The phenolic composition determined by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography, photodiode array, and mass spectrometry detection (RP-HPLC-PAD-MS) analysis revealed the presence of 43 individual compounds and allowed the quantification of 41 of them, including seven procyanidin tetramers, seven procyanidin pentamers, and six galloylated procyanidin dimers, trimers, and tetramers. The extract was composed mainly by catechin and procyanidin oligomers with a total amount of 5,801 mg/100 g, which represent 92% of the total individual phenolic content. Among them, the most abundant were catechins (2,047 mg/100 g), followed by procyanidin dimers (1,550 mg/100 g), trimers (1,176 mg/100 g), tetramers (436 mg/100 g), and pentamers (296 mg/100 g) that represent 35, 27, 20, 8, and 5%, respectively of the total flavanol constituents. The composition profile information may help to improve the production process of useful antibacterial extracts against H. pylori.

Pre-Treatment with Grape Seed Extract Reduces Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

“…The fraction enriched in high molecular weight procyanidins (PPC) showed the highest antimicrobial activity. We have previously described a similar behavior in a grape seed extract rich in procyanidins, where their structure facilitates the interaction between hydroxyl groups and the bacterial membrane [31]. This interaction would increase with the greater availability of hydroxyl groups related to the higher degree of polymerization of the procyanidin chains.…”

“…Recently, we demonstrated the antibacterial effect of GSE against several antibiotic resistant strains of H. pylori, also finding that procyanidins are the major phenolic component in the extract [31]. In the present work, we have investigated the effect of GSE and two fractions obtained from it-one enriched in oligomer procyanidins (OPC-rich), and the other enriched in highly polymerized procyanidins (PPC-rich)-on the inflammatory process and oxidative stress in the human gastric epithelial cell line AGS induced by different strains of H. pylori, in which their virulence attributes have been specially characterized.…”

“…GSE was obtained through the maceration of sweet, food-grade grape seeds in 96% ethanol for 5 days at 40 • C as described by Silvan et al [31]. The polymeric procyanidinrich fraction (PPC) was separated from oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) by concentration/diafiltration with water on a 10 kDa molecular mass cut-off ultrafiltration membrane, as described by Gutierrez-Docio et al [36].…”

Olive-Leaf Extracts Modulate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated with Human H. pylori Infection

“…Solutions of 2, 10, and 20 mg/mL of extracts E1 and E2 were prepared in triplicate ( n = 3) in water and methanol, respectively, and were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC), coupled to photodiode array detector and mass spectrometry (MS) detector with electrospray ionization source (RP-HPLC-PAD-MS(ESI)) as described by Silvan et al [ 34 ].…”

Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Avocado Fruit Residues as Functional Food Ingredients with Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties

“…As for seed coat extracts, no published studies evaluating the effect of this extract on human cancer cells are available yet. However, avocado seed coat extracts have an important amount of procyanidin pentamers, which have been proposed as strategies against pathogens producing an inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) [6,10]. Furthermore, the polymeric forms of procyanidins have been also reported to have antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory effects, cardiovascular system amelioration effects, and hypertension diminution effects [11].…”