Procurement Competence and Framework Agreements for Upgraded Bed Bug Control [Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)]

Abstract

The prevalence of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) is increasing worldwide. Due to this increase, low-income housing owners and managers need an efficient method for controlling the pests without excessive resource use. The quality of pest control efforts is crucial for efficient eradication. Infestations often need to be approached using a variety of strategies through an integrated pest management (IPM) framework. Efficient eradication is often thought to be the responsibility of the pest control contractor alone. However, the purchase and supply management theory suggests that optimal solutions actually involve sound buyer–supplier relations to support the strategic aim of pest eradication. This study illustrates the positive outcomes of elevating pest management competence on the buyer’s part. Further, this study outlines a large-scale purchase situation that quantifies bed bug control efforts, in addition to their outcomes. In total, 11,000 apartment units were observed in Oslo, Norway, over a period of six years. The release and implementation of a procurement officer together with a state-of-the-art pest management framework agreement quickly reversed the consistent escalation of bed bug infestations in the observed units. Observations revealed that the study yielded the most success in eradicating bed bugs by increasing both the number of visits to the infested apartment and the overall duration of control efforts. The improved control was achieved at a reduced cost per infested apartment unit, which allowed for the implementation of bed bug preventive measures and building-wide inspections. The observations made in this study have been discussed in the context of the impact of bed bugs in low-income communities, relative to the factors of pest burden, demography, socioeconomics, and the welfare system in Norway.

Bio-active principles in Commiphora africana resin dichloromethane extract and their insecticidal activity against bed bugs

“…HR-MS spectrum (Figure 4Dsupplementary) gave an [EI (+)]: m/z ratio for this compound as 400.371 while the m/z ratio calculated for molecular ion, C 28 H 48 O [M + ] was 400.68 [18]. The spectroscopic data from FTIR, GC, HR-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR con rmed the compound to be fungisterol (4). Fungisterol was also con rmed by co-injection of authentic standard compound with the isolated pure compound.…”

“…Moreover, these control methods require a heavy capital investment [4]. One of the most promising techniques that have been of success in control of other insects include use of baits (attractants) which lure the insects to traps, use of repellents to keep away the insects from hostfeeding, and a combination of attractants and repellents in a 'push-pull' tactic [5].…”

Survey of bed bug infestations in homeless shelters in southern France

“…Studies on the description of the level of infestation generally focus on the quantity of bed bugs present 29 , 30 , which is a non-discriminating criterion. It is simpler to eradicate bed bugs when they are concentrated in a single, defined area (in this case, the bed).…”

Biological control of Cimex lectularius with Beauveria bassiana: Effects of substrate, dosage, application strategy, and bed bug physiology

“…However, increased travel, along with widespread resistance against commonly used pesticides (e.g., pyrethroids, organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and organochlorines) has allowed bed bugs to make a significant resurgence as a nuisance pest worldwide 11,22 . Their economic impact is substantial, and bed bugs cause both direct costs through control efforts and indirect costs through reputational loss or by tying up resources in the management of apartment buildings, businesses, organizations, and public services 23–25 . This has called for the full extent of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies which rely on combinations of several methods to prevent and eradicate infestations 25–28 .…”

“…11,22 Their economic impact is substantial, and bed bugs cause both direct costs through control efforts and indirect costs through reputational loss or by tying up resources in the management of apartment buildings, businesses, organizations, and public services. [23][24][25] This has called for the full extent of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies which rely on combinations of several methods to prevent and eradicate infestations. [25][26][27][28] Insect pathogenic fungi are comparable with traditional chemical pesticides because they can be formulated as liquids for spray application in bed bug infested rooms.…”