Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase Family: Novel Prognostic Biomarkers and Tumor Microenvironment Regulators for Lower-Grade Glioma

Abstract

Lower-grade glioma (LGG) is a group of tumors arising from the cells of the central nervous system. Although various therapy interventions are used, the prognosis remains different. Novel biomarkers are needed for the prognosis of disease and novel therapeutic strategies in LGG. The procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) family contains three members and is related to multiple cancers, yet it was not investigated in LGG. Data from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts were used to analyze the role of PLOD in LGG. As the PLOD family is involved in processes, such as tumor formation and cancer metastasis, we focused on its relationship to the tumor microenvironment (TME) in LGG. A high expression of the PLOD family relates to poor prognosis and high infiltration of immune cells within the TME. The expression level of the PLOD family might become a novel biomarker for prognosis and is a potential target for individual treatment decisions in LGG.

Correlation of Matrisome-Associatted Gene Expressions with LOX Family Members in Astrocytomas Stratified by IDH Mutation Status

“…Results showed overexpression of two genes coding for lysyl hydroxylases, procollagen-lysine, and 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) [ 66 ], PLOD1 , and PLOD2 , involved in collagen biosynthesis and crosslinking [ 66 , 67 ] in LGG-IDH1 wt and GBM. Similar results were recently reported by other authors [ 68 , 69 ] and in other cancer types with aggressive phenotype [ 70 ]. We also found upregulation of another gene related to collagen biosynthesis, the serpin family H member 1 ( SERPINH1 ), which was significantly correlated with LOXL1 in LGG-IDH wt and GBM, and with LOX in GBM.…”

PLODs: Novel prognostic biomarkers and potential immunotherapy targets for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

“…Here, our systematic analysis of the association between PLOD expression and HNSCC was performed using data from the TCGA, GEO and GTEx databases. PLOD family members (PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3) were shown to be associated with poor prognosis and could act as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for both gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma [ 18 , 20 , 22 ]. Our previous studies indicated that PLOD was also associated with lower grade glioma and soft tissue sarcoma [ 22 , 23 ].…”

“…PLOD family members (PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3) were shown to be associated with poor prognosis and could act as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for both gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma [ 18 , 20 , 22 ]. Our previous studies indicated that PLOD was also associated with lower grade glioma and soft tissue sarcoma [ 22 , 23 ]. Deeper analysis showed that PLOD2 may be a crucial regulator in the invasion or metastasis of HNSCC [ 30 ].…”

“…Our previous work reported that PLOD3 likely acts as an oncogene, and overexpression of this protein may lead to various tumors [ 21 ]. In addition, changes in the expression of the PLOD family have been linked to lower grade glioma (LGG) and soft tissue sarcoma and could be a regulator of the TME [ 22 , 23 ]. Given this, we designed this study to focus on the prognostic function and molecular mechanisms of the PLOD family in HNSCC.…”

A pan-cancer analysis of the role of hexokinase II (HK2) in human tumors

“…Human Protein Atlas (HPA) is a database that focused on exploring the human protein in cells, tissues, and organs based on the combination of several omics technologies 9 . In this study, the protein expression level of breast cancer, renal cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer were obtained from the tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues of the HPA dataset.…”