Processing tactics for low-cost production of pure nuciferine from lotus leaf

Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Nuciferine and Quercetin from Lotus Leaves Using the Aqueous-Based Method: A Sustainable Approach

“…Compared to the control, Tween 80 showed varying degrees of superiority in the extraction of both nuciferine and quercetin (extracts reached concentrations of 3.18 and 1.26 g/mg, respectively). This is on par with the previous extracts of nuciferine in the literature using ultrasound-assisted petroleum ether . In the practical application of the lotus leaf extract, GB 2760 plant beverage stipulates that the limit of Tween series is at 0.5 g/kg beverage, which means that in a 330 mL bottle of plant beverage with the addition of the lotus leaf extract with Tween limit requirement, the nuciferine content in the final product is less than 1 mg/bottle, which cannot meet the requirement of ≥2 mg of nuciferine per day for lipid-lowering efficacy in the literature, while glycerol (propanetriol) in GB 2760 has no limit requirement when used as a food additive/processing aid.…”

“…15 Ruan et al developed an energy-and cost-saving method to produce nuciferine from lotus leaves using petroleum ether. 16 However, the organic reagents were flammable, explosive, and associated with the risk of organic residues. 12 As sustainability has become a major global issue, it is critical to extract active ingredients in a "green and sustainable" manner.…”

“…For example, the ethanolic extracts of lotus leaves have been used in the production of patented antilipid preparations such as Hedan tablets and Xue Zhi Ning pills . Ruan et al developed an energy- and cost-saving method to produce nuciferine from lotus leaves using petroleum ether . However, the organic reagents were flammable, explosive, and associated with the risk of organic residues .…”

“…Nuciferine and quercetin are important drug candidates for the treatment of many diseases. However, there is no general method for green and low-cost extraction of natural products . Green extraction of natural products is based on the design of extraction processes to eliminate or reduce energy and organic solvent consumption .…”

Valorization of Lotus Leaf by In Situ Expanded‐Bed Adsorption and Ultrasonic‐Assisted Desorption

“…Usually, nuciferine was extracted by mixing/stirring the substrate in single-phase solvents (ethanol solution [5], ionic liquid [6,7], deep eutectic solvents [8], etc.) and two-phase solvents (petroleum ether/ammonia solution [9]). Various intensification processes, such as microwave-assisted heating [10], ultrasonic-assisted extraction [11], enzyme-assisted extraction [12], b-cyclodextrin-assisted extraction [13], have been employed to improve the extraction rate.…”