Processing, structure, and properties of a rolled, ultrahigh-carbon steel plate exhibiting a damask pattern

Taleff, Eric M.; Bramfitt, Bruce L.; Syn, C.K.; Lesuer, D.R.; Wadsworth, J.; Sherby, O. D.

doi:10.1016/s1044-5803(00)00087-5

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In figure 5 a Cm particle embedded in a ferrite matrix underwent a change of shape by translation parallel (010) planes. Presumably, this has occurred during forging between ~750..950 °C [56,57]. This is in agreement with the finding of Keh [58], who identified (010) as the major slip and stacking fault plane of Cm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Structure of several historic blades at nanoscale

Reibold

Pätzke

Levin

et al. 2009

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Comparison of the structure of ancient Damascene steel blades at nanoscale with more recent ones -all made using crucible (wootz) technology and exhibiting ultra-high carbon content -showed for the first time a common feature. Despite different microstructures, colonies of wire-and tube-like particles with diameters of 40-50 nm have been observed with the aid of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Crystalline Fe 3 C is the main phase forming those particles covered in numerous cases by a tube-like layer. These tubes were also found in an empty or partly -covered filled variant. To assess the strengthening capacity of cementite various models were compared. Dispersion strengthening seems the most efficient. Cutting edge qualities may be related to surface corrugations due to nanoparticles. Dedicated to Prof. Wolfgang Neumann on the occasion of his 65th birthday

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Structure of several historic blades at nanoscale

Reibold

Pätzke

Levin

et al. 2009

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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“…When wrought iron is cold or warm worked its hardness increases by a factor of two, making it considerably superior to copper and early bronze. Damascus steels [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], which are uhmhigh carbon steels, are dramatically higher in strength (Fig. 1).…”

Section: A Proposed Revision Of the Metals Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact procedures used by the ancient blacksmiths in making the surface markings on genuine Damascus steel swords (it is termed "genuine" because it is made from a single ultrahigh carbon composition casting) have been the source of much speculation. A specific procedure utilizing only a rolling process, known as the "Wadsworth-Sherby" mechanism, has been described by Taleff et al [9].…”

Section: Damascus Steels and Modern Metallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient blacksmiths, the Iron Age, Damascus steels, and modern metallurgy

Sherby

Wadsworth

2001

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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The history of iron and Damascus steels is described through the eyes of ancient blacksmiths. For example, evidence is presented that questions why the Iron Age could not have begun at about the same time as the early Bronze Age (i.e. approximately 7000 B.C.). It is also clear that ancient blacksmiths had enough information from their forging work, together with their observation of color changes during heating and their estimate of hardness by scratch tests, to have determined some key parts of the present-day iron-carbon phase diagrrun. The blacksmiths' greatest artistic accomplishments were the Damascus and Japanese steel swords. The Damascus sword was famous not only for its exceptional cutting edge and toughness, but also for its beautiful surface markings. Damascus steels are ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCSS) that contain from 1.0 to 2.1'Y. carbon. The modem metallurgical understanding of UHCSS has revealed that remarkable properties can be obtained in these hypereutectoid steels. The results achieved in UHCSS are attributed to the ability to place the carbon, in excess of the eutectoid composition, to do usefid work that enhances the high temperature processing of carbon steels and that improves the low and intermediate temperature mechanical properties.

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“…The ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCSs), a class of hypereutectoid steels with carbon content between 1.0 and 2.0 wt %, [1][2][3][4][5][6] exhibit ultrahigh strength and good ductility at room temperature and high superplasticity at elevated temperature after some approaches, such as thermomechanical processing, plastic deformation, and extensive heat treatment. [7][8][9][10][11] However, these steels are too brittle, which is ascribed to the presence of brittle proeutectoid carbide network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel Technique of Grain Refinement in the Aluminum-Free Ultrahigh Carbon Steel

Liu

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2016

steel research int.

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In order to achieve high strength and toughness of the aluminum-free ultrahigh carbon steel (UHCS), the effect of a novel three-parameter combination technique including heating temperature, cooling rate, and isothermal eutectoid transformation time on the phase composition, grain morphology, and mechanical properties is investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, optical microscopy, and mechanical tests. The result shows that when the steel is cooled from 860 8C to the eutectoid transformation temperature with the rate of 1.0 8C s À1 and held for 1.5 h, the excellent mechanical properties are obtained due to the grain refinement of carbide and matrix.

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Processing, structure, and properties of a rolled, ultrahigh-carbon steel plate exhibiting a damask pattern

Cited by 38 publications

References 15 publications

Structure of several historic blades at nanoscale

Structure of several historic blades at nanoscale

Ancient blacksmiths, the Iron Age, Damascus steels, and modern metallurgy

The Novel Technique of Grain Refinement in the Aluminum-Free Ultrahigh Carbon Steel

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