Processing, structure and properties of polyacrylonitrile fibers with 15 weight percent single wall carbon nanotubes

Arias‐Monje, Pedro J.; Lu, Mingxuan; Ramachandran, Jyotsna; Kirmani, Mohammad Hamza; Kumar, Satish

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123065

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Figure 4 and Figure S2 shows the viscosity and digital images according to the type and content of carbon nanomaterials manufactured based on the previously selected ball milling dispersion method in the graph. In this study, based on the CNT [8,9] and CNF [10] contents of previous studies that performed wet spinning based on carbon nanomaterials, the content of each carbon nanomaterial was adjusted to 8 wt%, 16 wt%, 24 wt%, and 32 wt% was selected to prepare a composite solution, and the viscosity of the prepared solution was confirmed.…”

Section: By Different Contents Of Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, research on conductive yarn based on spinning processes such as dry-jet spinning and wet spinning is steadily progressing by manufacturing a conductive nanofiller/polymer composite solution incorporating carbon nanofiller and metal nanowires in the polymer [3,6,7]. In particular, research on wet spinning for a carbon nanomaterial/polymer composite solution is in progress [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. It is common to spinning a PAN polymer through wet spinning and does not require heat during the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is one of the most important polymers for preparing high-performance carbon fibers. Recently, carbon nanomaterial/PAN composite fibers with improved mechanical properties from the carbon fibers have been produced [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies manufacturing PAN-based carbon nanocomposite added fibers were conducted mainly to improve the mechanical strength by adding less than 1 wt% of carbon nanofillers [11][12][13][14][24][25][26]. To impart electrical properties, studies have been conducted using fillers with a high content of 15 wt% or more [8][9][10][11]. On the other hand, studies examining the rheological properties of composite solutions have been conducted to establish the appropriate spinning conditions because of the increased viscosity of the spinning dope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Optimization for Manufacturing PAN-Based Conductive Yarn with Carbon Nanomaterials through Wet Spinning

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to manufacture PAN-based conductive yarn using a wet-spinning process. Two types of carbon nanomaterials, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF), were used alone or in a mixture. First, to derive the optimal composite solution condition for the wet spinning process, a composite solution was prepared with carbon nanomaterials of the same total mass weight (%) and three types of mechanical stirring were performed: mechanical stirring, ultra-sonication, and ball milling. A ball milling process was finally selected by analyzing the viscosity. Based on the above results, 8, 16, 24, and 32 wt% carbon nanomaterial/PAN composite solutions were prepared to produce wet spinning-based composite films before preparing a conductive yarn, and their physical and electrical properties were examined. By measuring the viscosity of the composite solution and the surface resistance of the composite film according to the type and content of carbon nanomaterials, a suitable range of viscosity was found from 103 cP to 105 cP, and the electrical percolation threshold was from 16 wt% carbon nanomaterial/PAN, which showed a surface resistance of 106 Ω/sq or less. Wet spinning was possible with a PAN-based composite solution with a high content of carbon nanomaterials. The crystallinity, crystal orientation, tenacity, and thermal properties were improved when CNF was added up to 24 wt%. On the other hand, the properties deteriorated when CNTs were added alone due to aggregation. Mixing CNT and CNF resulted in poorer properties than with CNF alone, but superior properties to CNT alone. In particular, the electrical properties after incorporating 8 wt% CNT/16 wt% CNF into the PAN, 106 Ω/cm was similar to the PAN-based conductive yarn containing 32 wt% CNF. Therefore, this yarn is expected to be applicable to various smart textiles and wearable devices because of its improved physical properties such as strength and conductivity.

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Section: By Different Contents Of Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Optimization for Manufacturing PAN-Based Conductive Yarn with Carbon Nanomaterials through Wet Spinning

et al. 2021

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“…Aside from jet stretch, wet spinning comprises other stages of draw which can be used interchangeably to achieve a target filament denier prior to TOS and carbonization. Stretch may be applied immediately following coagulation in a gel bath or some non‐solvent medium, 40,51,52 conventional dry tensile draw, 38,53,54 or through a hot draw step with hot liquid or a steam chest 52 . Although each drawing stage reduces fiber diameter, the mechanism of draw may be vastly different due to the nature of the structure in the gel state vs. the hot drawn state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers and the effect of stretch profile in wet spinning

Moskowitz

Jackson

Tucker

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Wet spinning of polyacrylonitrile‐based polymers is a common technique to manufacture carbon fiber precursors. Understanding the role of stretch profile on structural evolution will support efforts to reduce cost and improve process robustness. Fiber stretch generally occurs in three sequential stages: jet stretch, wet stretch (first draw), and hot draw (second draw). In this study, total fiber stretch was kept constant, but distributed differently across the stretch stages yielding three different fiber variants. Samples were collected and analyzed after each stretch stage in order to correlate process parameters to structural information. For all variants, orientation of the ordered phase increases gradually for each stage of stretch while activation energy for the structural relaxation decreases. Alternatively, crystallite size increases substantially during hot draw, which is shown to have the most pronounced effect on cyclization behavior. Given the process conditions, the variant with the lowest jet stretch and highest hot draw demonstrates the highest tenacity and modulus along with the greatest orientation, crystallite size, and highest peak exotherm temperature.

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Oxygenated moiety enhanced thermal stabilization, mechanical, and thermomechanical performance of polyacrylonitrile/single wall carbon nanotubes films

Chandel,

Kapurderiya,

Kanse

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Thermo‐oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐copolymer and PAN/single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composite films were studied in the presence of oxygenated entities which may act as an internal oxygen supplier. The oxygenated moiety exhibited dual behavior, enhancing the stabilization efficiency of PAN while also improving the dispersion of SWCNT. The addition of oxygenated moiety treated SWCNT to PAN resulted in a significant reduction in activation energy from 118 kJ/mol to 99 kJ/mol, owing to a more stable oxidation reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis showed weight loss due to stabilization, and polymer chain degradation was lower in treated SWCNT composite films, resulting in an approximate 6% increase in residual weight. Mechanical testing showed a significant increase in tensile strength to 54.15 MPa and tensile modulus to 2.53 GPa with elongation at break of 13.2%, which is attributed to the enhanced interfacial shear strength resulting from the improved dispersion of oxygenated moiety‐treated nanotubes. Furthermore, thermomechanical analysis studies showed improvement in dimension stability with oxygenated moiety treated SWCNT composite films, attributed to better dispersion and increased interfacial strength between the polymer and filler.Highlights Oxygenated entities stabilize PAN and improve SWCNT dispersion. Activation energy was reduced from 118 to 99 kJ/mol with Tween‐80. Residual weight increased by 6% with treated SWCNT in TGA. Improved tensile strength (54.14 MPa), modulus (2.53 GPa) with modified SWCNT. Dimension stability is enhanced by interfacial strength with modified SWCNT.

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Processing, structure and properties of polyacrylonitrile fibers with 15 weight percent single wall carbon nanotubes

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Process Optimization for Manufacturing PAN-Based Conductive Yarn with Carbon Nanomaterials through Wet Spinning

Process Optimization for Manufacturing PAN-Based Conductive Yarn with Carbon Nanomaterials through Wet Spinning

Evolution of polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers and the effect of stretch profile in wet spinning

Oxygenated moiety enhanced thermal stabilization, mechanical, and thermomechanical performance of polyacrylonitrile/single wall carbon nanotubes films

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