Processing soybean meal for biodiesel production; effect of a new processing method on growth performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Barrows, Frederic T.; Gaylord, T. Gibson; Sealey, Wendy M.; Haas, Michael J.; Stroup, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.041

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is not unexpected, as soybean meal typically does not contain enough methionine to meet the nutritional requirements of rainbow trout [1,44]. Methionine has been supplementated in other studies using soybean meal or soy protein concentrates fed to rainbow trout [5,9,45]. Incorporating other amino acids in addition to methionine did lead to an increase in the percentage of these amino acids in the diets, but appeared to provide no noticeable improvement to any of the parameters studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Evaluation of Rainbow Trout Diets Containing PepSoyGen, a Fermented Soybean Meal Product, and Additional Amino Acids

Barnes¹,

Brown²,

Rosentrater

et al. 2013

TOFISHSJ

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Juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss diets containing PepSoyGen, a commercially-available fermented soybean meal product, were supplemented with methionine and other amino acids. A fish meal-based control and four experimental diets were used in a 36-day feeding trial; two diets contained 40% PepSoyGen and 10% fish meal, and two diets contained 50% PepSoyGen and no fish meal. Each of these diets was supplemented with either methionine, or methionine and additional amino acids. One mortality was observed during the trial. Overall weight gain, percent gain, and feed conversion ratio were significantly greater for the fish meal control than for any of the PepSoyGen diets, although feed conversion ratios from all of the diets were still below 1. Apparent protein digestibility was significantly less in the fish receiving the control diet compared to any of the experimental diets, and significantly increased with increasing PepSoyGen concentrations. There was no significant difference in length, weight, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, or any fish health responses among dietary treatments. Fillet composition, as determined by crude protein, crude lipid, water, and ash, was also not significantly different among fish reared on any of the diets. The supplementation of other amino acids in addition to methionine had no noticeable effect. The results from this study indicate that PepSoyGen with amino acid supplementation can completely replace fish meal in juvenile rainbow trout grower diets over a relatively short time-frame, albeit with some decrease in rearing performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, primarily because of the presence of numerous anti-nutritional factors [2][3][4][5] and negative effects on intestinal form and function [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], soybean meal inclusion in trout diets is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Evaluation of Rainbow Trout Diets Containing PepSoyGen, a Fermented Soybean Meal Product, and Additional Amino Acids

Barnes¹,

Brown²,

Rosentrater

et al. 2013

TOFISHSJ

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show abstract

“…In many of these other studies, fish meal-based control diets were not used, or the concentrations of other non-soy protein sources were altered in the experimental diets [14][15][16]24,[48][49][50][51][52][53]. However, Barrows et al [54] suggested that soybean meal replacement for fish meal should be limited to less than 25% (or 10% to 15% dietary inclusion rates).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yamamoto et al [32] supplemented fermented soybean meal diets with a number of essential amino acids. Methionine supplementation was done in other studies using soybean meal or soy protein concentrates in rainbow trout diets [12, 16,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inclusion rates for soybean meal in salmonid diets have typically been low because of the presence of trypsin inhibitors, lectins, saponins, poorly digestible carbohydrates (oligo-and polysaccharides), and other anti-nutritional factors [9][10][11][12]. Soybean meal in rainbow trout diets produces welldocumented deleterious effects on the distal intestine, such as morphological changes and subacute enteritis [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], as well as changes to intestinal microbial communities [15,16,18], and hepatic morphology [12]. Similar effects have been reported in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An initial investigation replacing fish meal with a commercial fermented soybean meal product in the diets of juvenile rainbow trout

Barnes¹,

Brown²,

Rosentrater³

et al. 2012

OJAS

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The inclusion of PepSoyGen (PSG), a commercially-available fermented soybean meal product, was evaluated with juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in an initial 70-day feeding trial, with a supplemental trial involving a subset of the experimental diets continuing for an additional 40 d. Six diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% PSG, with the PSG directly replacing fish meal, were used in the first trial. There were no significant differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratio between the fish meal-based control diet and diets containing up to 30% PSG. However, weight gain was significantly reduced and feed conversion ratio significantly increased with the 40% and 50% PSG diets. No health assessment differences were observed in fish receiving any of the diets, and no evidence of gross gut inflammation was evident. There were no significant differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratio among the four dietary treatments ranging from 0% to 30% PSG which were fed for an additional 40 d after the initial 70-d trial (110 days total). Based on these results, juvenile rainbow trout diets can contain up to 30% PSG without any loss of rearing performance, thereby replacing at least 60% of the fish meal.

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Simplifying biodiesel production: The direct or in situ transesterification of algal biomass

Haas

Wagner

2011

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The in situ esterification/transesterification of algal biomass lipids to produce FAME for potential use as biodiesel was investigated. Commercial algal biomass was employed, containing 20.9 wt% hexane extractable oil. This consisted of 35.1 wt% free fatty acids (FFA), 18.2 wt% TAG, and 8.8 wt% MAG, accounting for 62.1% of the extractable material. Other constituents of the hexane extractable material, accounting for 37.9% of the extracts, were not further characterized. The predominant fatty acids in the oil were palmitic (42.4 wt%), oleic (30.6 wt%), linoleic (22.8 wt%), and linolenic (16.1 wt%). Small amounts of 10-keto 16:0 and 10-OH 16:0 fatty acids were also present. Statistical experimental design was employed to coordinately examine the effects of the amounts of methanol, sulfuric acid, and reaction temperature (23-658C) on the yield of FAME in 2 h reactions. Three methods of feedstock preparation were examined -as received, oven dried, and water-washed/dried. For all feedstocks conditions could be identified which were predicted to yield greater than 90% maximum theoretical FAME production. Oven drying the feedstock reduced the amount of methanol required, with 83% of maximum yield obtained at a methanol/fatty acid molar ratio of 220:1 (4 mL methanol/g substrate). Water washing the biomass did not reduce the methanol required for high level transesterification. Practical applications:In biodiesel production by the conventional method of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of a refined vegetable oil/the combination of feedstock and process costs threatens the economic viability of biofuel production. In situ esterification/transesterification is a method for producing biodiesel wherein a lipid-bearing material is directly treated with reagents that catalyze fatty acid alkyl ester production from FFA and acylglycerols. By eliminating the need to isolate and refine the feedstock lipid, this approach to biodiesel production eliminates some of the processing steps required by contemporary methods. This could provide a welcome reduction in the cost of biodiesel production. There is presently considerable interest in the possibility of biofuel production from algal biomass. This study describes the application and optimization of in situ transesterification to a lipid-bearing algal biomass. Application of this technology could facilitate the economical production of biodiesel from algal biomass.

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Processing soybean meal for biodiesel production; effect of a new processing method on growth performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Preliminary Evaluation of Rainbow Trout Diets Containing PepSoyGen, a Fermented Soybean Meal Product, and Additional Amino Acids

Preliminary Evaluation of Rainbow Trout Diets Containing PepSoyGen, a Fermented Soybean Meal Product, and Additional Amino Acids

An initial investigation replacing fish meal with a commercial fermented soybean meal product in the diets of juvenile rainbow trout

Simplifying biodiesel production: The direct or in situ transesterification of algal biomass

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