Processing slag from ferroalloy production

Смирнов, Л. А.; Grabeklis, A. A.; Demin, B. L.

doi:10.3103/s0967091209010240

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…As a ubiquitous by-product of steel production, around 61 million tonnes (Mt) of steel slag is generated yearly worldwide. Over half of this (33 Mt per annum) is produced within the USA and Europe (Proctor et al 2000 ; Motz and Geiseler 2001 ), with an additional 27 Mt from China and Japan (Shen and Forssberg 2003 ), and 1.2 Mt from Russia (Smirnov et al 2009 ). While there have been long-standing after-uses for steel by-products in construction (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term evolution of highly alkaline steel slag drainage waters

Riley

Mayes

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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The disposal of slag generated by the steel industry can have negative consequences upon the surrounding aquatic environment by the generation of high pH waters, leaching of potentially problematic trace metals, and rapid rates of calcite precipitation which smother benthic habitats. A 36-year dataset was collated from the long-term ambient monitoring of physicochemical parameters and elemental concentrations of samples from two steel slag leachate-affected watercourses in northern England. Waters were typified by elevated pH (>10), high alkalinity, and were rich in dissolved metals (e.g. calcium (Ca), aluminium (Al), and zinc (Zn)). Long-term trend analysis was performed upon pH, alkalinity, and Ca concentration which, in addition to Ca flux calculations, were used to highlight the longevity of pollution arising as a result of the dumping and subsequent leaching of steel slags. Declines in calcium and alkalinity have been modest over the monitoring period and not accompanied by significant declines in water pH. If the monotonic trends of decline in alkalinity and calcium continue in the largest of the receiving streams, it will be in the region of 50–80 years before calcite precipitation would be expected to be close to baseline levels, where ecological impacts would be negligible.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10661-015-4693-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term evolution of highly alkaline steel slag drainage waters

Riley

Mayes

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Ferrotitanium alloys are well-known hydrogen storage materials [1,2] that can be produced by various processes, such as the carbothermic or metallothermic reduction of oxide ores or concentrates. In carbothermic reductions, carbon in the form of coke, coal, or charcoal is used as a reducing agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Fe–Ti Alloys from Mixed Slag Containing Titanium and Fe2O3 via Direct Electrochemical Reduction in Molten Calcium Chloride

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Metals

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High-purity intermetallic β-Ti (FeTi4) and FeTi alloys were prepared via molten salt electrolysis from a titanium-containing waste slag and Fe2O3 mixture using molten CaCl2 salt as the electrolyte. The mixed slag powders were pressed into a pellet that served as a cathode, while a graphite rod served as an anode. The electrochemical process was conducted at 900 °C with a cell voltage of 3.1 V under an inert atmosphere. The formation process of the alloys and the influence of the Ti:Fe atomic ratio on the product were investigated. With an increased proportion of Ti, the phase of the product changed from FeTi/Fe2Ti to FeTi/FeTi4, and different structures were observed. At a Ti:Fe ratio of 1.2:1 in the raw slag, an alloy with a sponge-like morphology and a small amount of FeTi4 were obtained. During the initial stages of electrolysis, a large amount of intermediate product (CaTiO3) was formed, accompanied by an abrupt decrease in current and increase in particle size. The current then increased and Fe2Ti alloy was gradually formed. Finally, as the reaction process extended inside the pellet, the current remained stable and the product mainly contained FeTi and FeTi4 phases. The observed stages, i.e., CaTiO3(TiO2) → Fe2Ti(Ti) → FeTi(FeTi4), were consistent with the thermodynamic analysis.

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