Processing, signaling, and physiological function of chemerin

Mattern, Andreas; Zellmann, Tristan; Beck‐Sickinger, Annette G.

doi:10.1002/iub.1242

Cited by 139 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Similar to resistin, chemerin was thought to be an adipocyte hormone and regulate adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis. However, it is also found in other cell types such as endothelial cells (Goralski et al 2007, Mattern et al 2014. Adipose-resident immune cells and endothelial cells are the main sources of other adipokines including apelin, visfatin, PAI1, MCP1, TNFα and IL6 (Loskutoff & …”

Section: The Endocrine Function Of Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue in control of metabolism

Luo

Liu

2016

Journal of Endocrinology

485

331

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Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy and glucose homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels. On one hand, adipose tissue stores energy in the form of lipid and controls the lipid mobilization and distribution in the body. On the other hand, adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ and produces numerous bioactive factors such as adipokines that communicate with other organs and modulate a range of metabolic pathways. Moreover, brown and beige adipose tissue burn lipid by dissipating energy in the form of heat to maintain euthermia, and have been considered as a new way to counteract obesity. Therefore, adipose tissue dysfunction plays a prominent role in the development of obesity and its related disorders such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression and cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings of adipose tissue in the control of metabolism, focusing on its endocrine and thermogenic function.

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Section: The Endocrine Function Of Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue in control of metabolism

Luo

Liu

2016

Journal of Endocrinology

485

331

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“…Conversely, we have not considered the potential antiinflammatory functions of chemerin peptides and/or activation of ChemR23 (6). We also need to sort out what may be individual/unique biological responsibilities of the many isoforms of chemerin and how they interact with the three recognized receptors of chemerin, ChemR23/CMKLR1 (chemokinelike receptor 1), GPCR 1 (GPR1), and chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), to effect a growing list of biological responsibilities attributed to chemerin (11,26). Finally, one explanation for the ability of CCX832 alone to reduce a biological response is that ChemR23 has constitutive activity in our preparation.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adipokine chemerin amplifies electrical field-stimulated contraction in the isolated rat superior mesenteric artery

Darios

Winner

Charvat

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Darios ES, Winner BM, Charvat T, Krasinksi A, Punna S, Watts SW. The adipokine chemerin amplifies electrical field-stimulated contraction in the isolated rat superior mesenteric artery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 311: H498 -H507, 2016. First published July 1, 2016; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00998.2015.-The adipokine chemerin causes arterial contraction and is implicated in blood pressure regulation, especially in obese subjects with elevated levels of circulating chemerin. Because chemerin is expressed in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) that surrounds the sympathetic innervation of the blood vessel, we tested the hypothesis that chemerin (endogenous and exogenous) amplifies the sympathetic nervous system in mediating electrical field-stimulated (EFS) contraction. The superior mesenteric artery, with or without PVAT and with endothelium and sympathetic nerve intact, was mounted into isolated tissue baths and used for isometric contraction and stimulation. Immunohistochemistry validated a robust expression of chemerin in the PVAT surrounding the superior mesenteric artery. EFS (0.3-20 Hz) caused a frequency-dependent contraction in isolated arteries that was reduced by the chemerin receptor ChemR23 antagonist CCX832 alone (100 nM; with, but not without, PVAT), but not by the inactive congener CCX826 (100 nM). Exogenous chemerin-9 (1 M)-amplified EFSinduced contraction in arteries (with and without PVAT) was blocked by CCX832 and the ␣-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin. CCX832 did not directly inhibit, nor did chemerin directly amplify, norepinephrine-induced contraction. Whole mount immunohistochemical experiments support colocalization of ChemR23 with the sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase in superior mesenteric PVAT and, to a lesser extent, in arteries and veins. These studies support the idea that exogenous chemerin modifies sympathetic nervemediated contraction through ChemR23 and that ChemR23 may be endogenously activated. This is significant because of the wellappreciated role of the sympathetic nervous system in blood pressure control. BECAUSE OF ITS LOCATION, the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has the potential to affect the function of the blood vessels it encases. This can occur by secretion of adipokines that directly affect vascular tone, such as the relaxant adiponectin (25). We recently discovered the protein chemerin in PVAT and demonstrated that a shorter chemerin agonist, chemerin-9, caused direct arterial contraction through activation of the best-characterized chemerin receptor, ChemR23 (3,8,27,33,38,48). Chemerin is secreted from the liver and fat depots (10), functioning as an adipokine that regulates adipogenesis (12,31,32) and as an activator of inflammatory cells (13,50,52). Circulating levels of chemerin are positively associated with body mass index (1,4,9,16,36,37,40). Because of our long-term interest in understanding whether chemerin could play a role in obesity-associated hypertension, we turned our attention to a means by which arterial function could be m...

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“…paracrine/autocrine modulator [7,8] in a variety of functions that includes the regulation of inflammation and metabolism [46]. Chemerin is produced as pre-prochemerin and after the N terminal cleavage is secreted as prochemerin [46].…”

Section: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry Cellular Physiology Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adipokine Chemerin Induces Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes

Rodríguez-Penas¹,

Feijóo‐Bandín²,

García-Rúa³

et al. 2015

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background: The adipokine chemerin has been associated with cardiovascular disease. We investigated the effects of chemerin on viability and intracellular signalling in murine cardiomyocytes, and the effects of insulin and TNF-α on cardiomyocyte chemerin production. Methods: Hoechst dye vital staining and cell cycle analysis were used to analyse the viability of murine cardiac cells in culture. Western blot was used to explore the phosphorylation of AKT and caspase-9 activity in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and HL-1 cells. Finally, RT-qPCR, ELISA and western blot were performed to examine chemerin and CMKLR1 expression after insulin and TNF-α treatment in cardiac cells. Results: Chemerin treatment increased apoptosis, reduced phosphorylation of AKT at Thr308 and increased caspase-9 activity in murine cardiomyocytes. Insulin treatment lowered chemerin and CMKLR1 mRNA and protein levels, and the amount of chemerin in the cell media, while TNF-α treatment increased chemerin mRNA and protein levels but decreased expression of the CMKLR1 gene. Conclusion: Chemerin induces apoptosis, reduces AKT phosphorylation and increases the cleavage of caspase-9 in murine cardiomyocytes. The expression of chemerin is regulated by important metabolic (insulin) and inflammatory (TNF-α) mediators at cardiac level. Our results suggest that chemerin could play a role in the physiopathology of cardiac diseases.

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Processing, signaling, and physiological function of chemerin

Cited by 139 publications

References 55 publications

Adipose tissue in control of metabolism

Adipose tissue in control of metabolism

The adipokine chemerin amplifies electrical field-stimulated contraction in the isolated rat superior mesenteric artery

The Adipokine Chemerin Induces Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes

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