“…In order to respond to the need of teaching programming to artists and designers, as well as to integrate code-based practices into their artistic production, several open-source programming frameworks specifically geared towards this audience have been developed during the past decade (Orr, 2009), such as Processing (Processing Foundation I), OpenFrameworks (OF) (OF community), and Cinder (Bell et al), and gave rise to a practice often identified as "creative coding". The Processing project, conceived in 2001 by Casey Reas and Ben Fry at the MIT Media Lab, is among the earliest of such initiatives (Reas and Fry, 2006) and perhaps the one with the strongest emphasis on the pedagogical aspects and the explicit goal to "increase computer literacy within the design and visual arts, and visual literacy within technology and engineering" (Reas and Fry, 2014).…”