Processing of sustainable thermoplastic based biocomposites: A comprehensive review on performance enhancement

Manral, Ankit; Bajpai, Pramendra Kumar; Ahmad, Furkan; Joshi, R.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128068

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…[ 23 ] In meanwhile, thermoplastic fields have been very active, and various thermoplastic biocomposites have been developed to compete with thermoset resin composites. [ 24 ] Although thermoplastics have significantly reduced the product manufacturing processing time, their inherent lower mechanical properties, higher processing temperature, unwanted thermoforming of reinforcement fibers, and lower chemical resistance compared to thermosets [ 25 ] have limited their applications compared to thermosetting composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully biobased composite made with epoxidized‐lignin, reinforced with bamboo fibers

Bagheri

Nejad

2023

Polymer Composites

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In this study, we entirely replaced petroleum‐based bisphenol A (BPA) with unmodified kraft softwood lignin in epoxy resin formulation. Epoxidized lignin was prepared by reacting lignin with biobased epichlorohydrin (ECH) made from glycerol, and the formation of epoxide rings was confirmed by measuring the epoxy content of the epoxidized lignin using titration and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A fully biobased epoxy resin was then prepared by mixing the epoxidized lignin with a biobased curing agent derived from chew nutshell (from Cardolite Co.). Pre‐impregnated composite sheets were fabricated by impregnating unidirectional bamboo fibers with the developed water‐dispersion epoxy resin. The properties of the biobased composite samples were measured using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a universal testing machine. The flexural strength of the lignin‐based epoxy composite was found to be 36% lower (14 MPa) compared to commercial epoxy (22 MPa). However, when bamboo fibers were added to the lignin‐based biocomposite (containing 25 wt.%), a higher flexural strength (116 MPa) was observed, representing an increase of 11% compared to the biocomposite made with EPON and bamboo fiber (104 MPa). Similarly, the addition of bamboo fibers to the lignin epoxy resulted in an increase in the flexural modulus by 1255% (from 0.42 to 5.69 GPa), while the flexural modulus of commercial epoxy was increased by only 736% (from 0.58 to 4.85 GPa). This was attributed to the higher compatibility of bamboo fiber with lignin, which is known to act as a natural glue in plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully biobased composite made with epoxidized‐lignin, reinforced with bamboo fibers

Bagheri

Nejad

2023

Polymer Composites

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“…of cars or other applications, which were previously made from glass fiber composites, with an aim to reduce the CO 2 emission significantly throughout the different life cycle stages of composite products. Hence, it is obvious now that many research studies are investigating the possibilities of the use of natural fibers as reinforcement elements for structural/semistructural composite applications. , Between different natural fibers, recently composite manufacturers are becoming more interested in jute fibers because of their very low-cost production, abundance, and availability with a good supply chain system, similar mechanical properties like others, such as flax fibers, and most importantly, a good opportunity to optimize the fiber properties further for ultimate composite performance enhancement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Jute Fiber Preform Reinforced Polypropylene Thermoplastic Composite: Experimental Investigation and Its Theoretical Stiffness Prediction

et al. 2023

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Natural-based lignocellulose fibrous materials can be used as a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil-based fibers such as glass fibers, in lightweight fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites for marine, automotive, aerospace, or other advanced applications. However, one of the main challenges in using natural fiber-based thermoplastic composites is the low mechanical performance of composite structures. This can be improved significantly through the development of an optimized novel fiber architecture with enhanced fiber packing properties, following a low-cost production process. In this context, this study demonstrates a less energy-consuming and cheaper manufacturing process, for developing highly individualized short jute fiber-based dry fiber preform architecture, with an improved fiber packing property. Short jute fibers were chemically treated with alkali and PVA sizing treatments in the processing of new fiber preform architectures, and they were used in manufacturing of ultimate short jute fiber/polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic composites. The newly developed short fiber thermoplastic composites showed a significant improvement in mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact) compared to any other natural fiber architecture-based (woven, knitted, nonwoven, unidirectional, etc.) composites found in the literature. Due to the use of new fiber architecture, the developed composites' fiber content was observed to increase. In addition, the compatibility of jute fibers with the polypropylene matrix was strengthened with the application of chemical treatments on highly individualized jute fibers. These reasons were responsible for the enhancement of mechanical properties of developed composites. Micromechanics of the fibers in composites were evaluated using the modified rule of the mixture and Halpin−Tsai equations for stiffness prediction of the composites in order to develop a theoretical understanding of newly developed composites' mechanics. It is thought that the improved mechanical performance of short jute fiber/PP thermoplastic composites can extend the use of these composites in many load-demanding applications, wherein normally synthetic fiber composites are used.

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“…However, this trend, in addition to contributing to the progressive depletion of fossil resources, inevitably involves energy consumption, no longer sustainable in the current global emergency situation, signi cant carbon dioxide emissions related to manufacturing processes and highly responsible for climate change phenomena, as well as environmental disasters usually generated by improper management of end-of-life products. These critical issues, particularly limiting in the context of the key points of the current ecological transition, have strongly in uenced the research trends as demonstrated by an accentuated interest in bio-based raw materials [1][2][3][4], thermoplastic polymer systems being intrinsically recyclable [5,6] and new zero-waste technologies [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites in polylactic acid and food flour waste

Papa

Lopresto

Langella

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The growing demand for food products linked to the continuous increase of the world population is unfortunately also responsible for the accumulation of huge amounts of waste often destined for incineration or disposal in landfills, representing an intolerable threat to our society in terms of environmental impact and health risks. This work aims to enhance the reuse potential of waste deriving from the process of food flours in new composite formulations based on polylactic acid and theoretically applicable in the food (packaging) and agricultural fields Samples containing up to 5% by weight of food flour waste supplied by a local pasta factory were prepared by melt compounding and analyzed both in terms of thermal and mechanical properties but also from the morphological point of view. The experimental work showed that the inclusion of food waste powders modifies the crystalline structure of the matrix making it more rigid but less tenacious with non-monotonous effects on the range of compositions explored and results are supported by morphological analysis. Among other things, the absence of interfacial adhesion affects the filler dispersion, with a consequent inversion of the trend of the mechanical parameters in tensile and bending, especially for the formulation filled with 5 wt% of food flour wastes. Further experiments are in progress to improve the polymeric formulations identified and contribute to the advancement of current knowledge regarding food waste management.

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Processing of sustainable thermoplastic based biocomposites: A comprehensive review on performance enhancement

Cited by 15 publications

References 114 publications

Fully biobased composite made with epoxidized‐lignin, reinforced with bamboo fibers

Fully biobased composite made with epoxidized‐lignin, reinforced with bamboo fibers

Short Jute Fiber Preform Reinforced Polypropylene Thermoplastic Composite: Experimental Investigation and Its Theoretical Stiffness Prediction

Thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites in polylactic acid and food flour waste

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