Processing of sound signals by six types of neurons in the prothoracic ganglion of the cricket,Gryllus campestris L.

Wohlers, David; Huber, Franz

doi:10.1007/bf00610234

Cited by 216 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…13) and is a first order interneuron that receives auditory input from the receptors in the tibial tympanic organ and connects the auditory neuropiles in each half of the prothoracic ganglion. Omega neurons are found in both major groups of the Ensifera, the Grylloidea (Casaday and Hoy, 1977;Wohlers and Huber, 1982) and the Tettigonioidea (Römer et al, 1988) and there is evidence that they are homologous (Schul, 1997). The neurons are paired in tettigoniids but there are two pairs in the Gryllidae (Wohlers and Huber, 1982;Stiedl et al, 1997).…”

Section: The Omega Neuronmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sound signalling in orthoptera

Robinson

Hall

2002

Advances in Insect Physiology

114

117

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Section: The Omega Neuronmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sound signalling in orthoptera

Robinson

Hall

2002

Advances in Insect Physiology

114

117

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“…For example, interneurons with similar morphology as LFD-1 or other LFD-interneurons have been described in other katydids and crickets, respectively (Wohlers and Huber, 1982;Römer, 1987). The DN1-neuron in crickets, for instance, is tuned to low frequencies between 1 and 3 kHz, but with a broader tuning as compared with LFD neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Mechanisms for Acoustic Signal Detection under Strong Masking in an Insect

Kostarakos

Römer

2015

Journal of Neuroscience

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Communication is fundamental for our understanding of behavior. In the acoustic modality, natural scenes for communication in humans and animals are often very noisy, decreasing the chances for signal detection and discrimination. We investigated the mechanisms enabling selective hearing under natural noisy conditions for auditory receptors and interneurons of an insect. In the studied katydid Mecopoda elongata species-specific calling songs (chirps) are strongly masked by signals of another species, both communicating in sympatry. The spectral properties of the two signals are similar and differ only in a small frequency band at 2 kHz present in the chirping species. Receptors sharply tuned to 2 kHz are completely unaffected by the masking signal of the other species, whereas receptors tuned to higher audio and ultrasonic frequencies show complete masking. Intracellular recordings of identified interneurons revealed two mechanisms providing response selectivity to the chirp. (1) Response selectivity is when several identified interneurons exhibit remarkably selective responses to the chirps, even at signal-to-noise ratios of Ϫ21 dB, since they are sharply tuned to 2 kHz. Their dendritic arborizations indicate selective connectivity with low-frequency receptors tuned to 2 kHz. (2) Novelty detection is when a second group of interneurons is broadly tuned but, because of strong stimulus-specific adaptation to the masker spectrum and "novelty detection" to the 2 kHz band present only in the conspecific signal, these interneurons start to respond selectively to the chirp shortly after the onset of the continuous masker. Both mechanisms provide the sensory basis for hearing at unfavorable signal-to-noise ratios.

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“…Its dendrites extend along the axonal projections of the auditory afferents in the auditory neuropile (Esch and Huber, 1980;Wohlers and Huber, 1982;Imaizumi and Pollack, 2005). We therefore tested for a tonotopic arrangement of auditory inputs along the dendritic branches (D1 and D2).…”

Section: Sound Frequency Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ON1 receives inputs from ipsilateral auditory afferents originating from the ears in the front legs (Imaizumi and Pollack, 2005) and in turn forms inhibitory connections to its contralateral counterpart (Selverston et al, 1985) and the contralateral ascending auditory interneurones AN1 (Horseman and Huber, 1994;Faulkes and Pollack, 2000) and AN2 (Selverston et al, 1985), which transmit auditory information to the brain (Wohlers and Huber, 1982). The recurrent inhibitory network formed by the two ON1 has been implicated in enhancing bilateral auditory contrast supporting auditory orientation and temporal pattern processing (Wiese and Eilts, 1985;Nabatiyan et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ON1 is a bilaterally paired auditory interneurone located in the prothoracic auditory neuropil with well documented morphology (Wohlers and Huber, 1982), response characteristics (Wohlers and Huber, 1978;Wiese and Eilts, 1985), connectivity (Selverston et al, 1985;Horseman and Huber, 1994;Poulet and Hedwig, 2006) and functionality (Wiese and Eilts, 1985;Pollack, 1988;Sobel and Tank, 1994;Nabatiyan et al, 2003). ON1 receives inputs from ipsilateral auditory afferents originating from the ears in the front legs (Imaizumi and Pollack, 2005) and in turn forms inhibitory connections to its contralateral counterpart (Selverston et al, 1985) and the contralateral ascending auditory interneurones AN1 (Horseman and Huber, 1994;Faulkes and Pollack, 2000) and AN2 (Selverston et al, 1985), which transmit auditory information to the brain (Wohlers and Huber, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurite‐specific Ca²⁺ dynamics underlying sound processing in an auditory interneurone

Baden

Hedwig

2006

Developmental Neurobiology

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Concepts on neuronal signal processing and integration at a cellular and subcellular level are driven by recording techniques and model systems available. The cricket CNS with the omega-1-neurone (ON1) provides a model system for auditory pattern recognition and directional processing. Exploiting ON1's planar structure we simultaneously imaged free intracellular Ca 21 at both input and output neurites and recorded the membrane potential in vivo during acoustic stimulation. In response to a single sound pulse the rate of Ca 21 rise followed the onset spike rate of ON1, while the final Ca 21 level depended on the mean spike rate. Ca 21 rapidly increased in both dendritic and axonal arborizations and only gradually in the axon and the cell body. Ca 21 levels were particularly high at the spike-generating zone. Through the activation of a Ca 21 -sensitive K 1 current this may exhibit a specific control over the cell's electrical response properties. In all cellular compartments presentation of species-specific calling song caused distinct oscillations of the Ca 21 level in the chirp rhythm, but not the faster syllable rhythm. The Ca 21 -mediated hyperpolarization of ON1 suppressed background spike activity between chirps, acting as a noise filter. During directional auditory processing, the functional interaction of Ca 21 -mediated inhibition and contralateral synaptic inhibition was demonstrated. Upon stimulation with different sound frequencies, the dendrites, but not the axonal arborizations, demonstrated a tonotopic response profile. This mirrored the dominance of the species-specific carrier frequency and resulted in spatial filtering of high frequency auditory inputs.

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Processing of sound signals by six types of neurons in the prothoracic ganglion of the cricket,Gryllus campestris L.

Cited by 216 publications

References 18 publications

Sound signalling in orthoptera

Sound signalling in orthoptera

Neural Mechanisms for Acoustic Signal Detection under Strong Masking in an Insect

Neurite‐specific Ca²⁺ dynamics underlying sound processing in an auditory interneurone

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Processing of sound signals by six types of neurons in the prothoracic ganglion of the cricket,Gryllus campestris L.

Cited by 216 publications

References 18 publications

Sound signalling in orthoptera

Sound signalling in orthoptera

Neural Mechanisms for Acoustic Signal Detection under Strong Masking in an Insect

Neurite‐specific Ca2+ dynamics underlying sound processing in an auditory interneurone

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Neurite‐specific Ca²⁺ dynamics underlying sound processing in an auditory interneurone