Processing of procaryotic ribonucleic acid.

Gegenheimer, Peter; Apirion, David

doi:10.1128/mmbr.45.4.502-541.1981

Cited by 107 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…III (Young et al, 1979; for review, see Gegenheimer and Apirion, 1981). As evident from Figure 5, the U..30 of the chioroplast rRNA precursor also appears to be embedded in an RNase III site [an unpaired bubble flanked by two stem structures (Robertson et al, 1977)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an rRNA operon promoter from Zea mays chloroplasts which excludes the proximal tRNA^Val _GAC from the primary transcript

1985

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The transcriptional start site of the rRNA operon from Zea mays chloroplasts has been identified by a combination of S1 mapping and Southern hybridization with in vitro capped chloroplast RNA as radioactive probe. This is the first example in which the transcriptional start site of a choloroplast gene has been established by identification of the triphosphate‐bearing RNA terminus. The start site is located at position −117 proximal to the 16S rRNA gene and is preceded by −10 and −35 sequences homologous to prokaryotic promoters. The primary transcript directed by this promoter does not include tRNAValGAC sequences which are coded further upstream between positions −302 and −231. A major processing site of the primary rRNA transcript was identified at position −30 which is embedded in a secondary structure typical for prokaryotic RNase III processing sites. Several putative processing and start sites of the tRNAValGAC transcipts have been mapped by primer extension with reverse transcriptase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an rRNA operon promoter from Zea mays chloroplasts which excludes the proximal tRNA^Val _GAC from the primary transcript

1985

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“…Although it has been known for some time that the inherent instability of mRNA in prokaryotic organisms plays an important role in the rapid adaptation of microorganisms to changing growth conditions, little is known about how this regulation is brought about. Several different models describing mRNA degradation have been proposed (Gegenheimer and Apirion, 1981;Panayotatos and Truong, 1985;Belasco et al, 1986;Cannistraro et al, 1986;Kennell, 1986;Newbury et al, 1987). Some of these essential characteristics can be summarized as follows: first, the mRNA is efficiently protected against degradation by translating ribosomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first step in the functional inactivation of the Escherichia coli polynucleotide phosphorylase messenger is a ribonuclease III processing at the 5′ end.

et al. 1987

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The transcripts covering pnp, the gene encoding polynucleotide phosphorylase, are processed by ribonuclease III. In this study, it is shown that the steady state level of the pnp mRNA increased 11‐fold in a ribonuclease III‐deficient strain. The synthesis rate of this messenger is only slightly affected in the mutant strain whereas the half‐life, which is 1.5 min in the wild type, is considerably increased to more than 40 min. Moreover, polynucleotide phosphorylase is 10‐fold over‐expressed in the mutant strain, which shows that unprocessed pnp mRNA is functional. The position of the ribonuclease III‐sensitive site suggests that the sequence involved in the stabilization of the pnp mRNA is located at the 5′ end of the message and that the RNase III processing triggers the decay of the transcripts downstream. A similar function for ribonuclease III in the processing of the messenger for the beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase is proposed.

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“…We cannot rigorously exclude either of these possibilities. Putative activities required for RNA maturation In contrast to archaebacteria, much is known about the processing of the plimary transcripts of the rRNA operons of Escherichia coli (for a review, see Gegenheimer and Apirion, 1981). Long, nearly perfect, inverted repeat sequences surrounding the E. coli 16S and 23S rRNA genes give rise to helical stems in the primary transcript with the 16S and 23S rRNA sequences protruding from the apical loops.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long, nearly perfect, inverted repeat sequences surrounding the E. coli 16S and 23S rRNA genes give rise to helical stems in the primary transcript with the 16S and 23S rRNA sequences protruding from the apical loops. These helical regions are substrates for RNase mI; the enzyme introduces cuts at staggered positions on opposite sides of the stem, thereby releasing the precursor 16S and 23S sequences (Bram et al, 1980;Gegenheimer and Apirion, 1981;Young and Steitz, 1978). The precise substrate characteristics of the enzyme have not been fully delineated although features such as primary sequence, unpaired bases, and non-Watson -Crick base interactions in addition to helicity are undoubtedly important.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary structural characteristics of 5S rRNA have been conserved throughout evolution (Fox, 1985). The precursor 5S rRNA in E. coli is excised from the primary transcript by RNase E which cuts first three nucleotides upstream and then three nucleotides downstream from the mature ends of the molecule (Gegenheimer and Apirion, 1981). The same processing order is followed in H. cutirubrum although there is little resemblance between primary sequence and secondary structure outside the coding sequence in the respective flanking regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Archaebacteria: transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA sequences in Halobacterium cutirubrum

Chant

Dennis

1986

The EMBO Journal

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The chromosome of Halobacterium cutirubum contains a single ribosomal RNA gene cluster. The 5′ to 3′ organization of genes within this 6‐kbp region is: 16S, alanine tRNA, 23S, 5S, cysteine tRNA. The entire gene cluster is transcribed as a single long primary transcript; processing of mature RNA sequences from the 5′ region of the transcript begins prior to the completion of synthesis at the 3′ end. There are five conserved octanucleotide direct repeats (TGCGAACG) in the 900‐bp 5′‐flanking sequence in front of the 16S gene. The positions of these repeat sequences correspond to the different 5′ ends of the primary transcript and probably represent the RNA polymerase start sites. The 16S and 23S rRNA genes are surrounded by long nearly perfect inverted repeat sequences. These sequences probably form duplex structures in the primary transcript and are recognized by an RNaseIII‐like endonuclease activity that carries out the initial excision of the precursor 16S and 23S rRNA sequences. These precursors are rapidly trimmed to the mature 16S and 23S molecules and assembled into ribosomal particles. The processing sites for 5S rRNA appear to be at or very near to the mature ends of the 5S molecule. The tRNA sequences are processed with reduced efficiency from the primary transcript. Nuclease cuts have been detected at the ends as well as in the middle of the cysteine tRNA sequence suggesting that there may be alternative processing pathways, one resulting in proper excision of the mature tRNA sequence and the other resulting in improper excision and degradation of the tRNA sequence. The transcription termination sequence is believed to be at or beyond an AT‐rich sequence preceded by a GC‐rich sequence located distal to the cysteine tRNA gene.

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Processing of procaryotic ribonucleic acid.

Abstract: Eswherichia coli tRNA .524 Enzymes involved. 525 Sequence of processing events .525 Bacteriophage T4 tRNA .527 Sumuar .528

Cited by 107 publications

References 109 publications

Identification of an rRNA operon promoter from Zea mays chloroplasts which excludes the proximal tRNA^Val _GAC from the primary transcript

Identification of an rRNA operon promoter from Zea mays chloroplasts which excludes the proximal tRNA^Val _GAC from the primary transcript

The first step in the functional inactivation of the Escherichia coli polynucleotide phosphorylase messenger is a ribonuclease III processing at the 5′ end.

Archaebacteria: transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA sequences in Halobacterium cutirubrum

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Processing of procaryotic ribonucleic acid.

Abstract: Eswherichia coli tRNA .524 Enzymes involved. 525 Sequence of processing events .525 Bacteriophage T4 tRNA .527 Sumuar .528

Cited by 107 publications

References 109 publications

Identification of an rRNA operon promoter from Zea mays chloroplasts which excludes the proximal tRNAVal GAC from the primary transcript

Identification of an rRNA operon promoter from Zea mays chloroplasts which excludes the proximal tRNAVal GAC from the primary transcript

The first step in the functional inactivation of the Escherichia coli polynucleotide phosphorylase messenger is a ribonuclease III processing at the 5′ end.

Archaebacteria: transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA sequences in Halobacterium cutirubrum

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Identification of an rRNA operon promoter from Zea mays chloroplasts which excludes the proximal tRNA^Val _GAC from the primary transcript

Identification of an rRNA operon promoter from Zea mays chloroplasts which excludes the proximal tRNA^Val _GAC from the primary transcript