Processing of PatS, a morphogen precursor, in cell extracts of <i>Anabaena</i> sp. <scp>PCC</scp> 7120

Zhang, Lianglin; Zhou, Fang; Wang, Shuai; Xu, Xudong

doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12582

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Resolution of clusters is achieved by lateral inhibition effected by PatS, whose production is induced by HetR early after nitrogen step-down. The gene patS encodes a short peptide whose C-terminal domain is post-transcriptionally processed to yield the hepta-peptide PatS-7 with the sequence RGSGR, which is believed to diffuse to neighboring cells [ 13 , 14 ]. There, it interferes with the DNA-binding activity of HetR and causes its degradation, creating HetR gradients along filaments [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust stochastic Turing patterns in the development of a one-dimensional cyanobacterial organism

et al. 2018

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Under nitrogen deprivation, the one-dimensional cyanobacterial organism Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 develops patterns of single, nitrogen-fixing cells separated by nearly regular intervals of photosynthetic vegetative cells. We study a minimal, stochastic model of developmental patterns in Anabaena that includes a nondiffusing activator, two diffusing inhibitor morphogens, demographic fluctuations in the number of morphogen molecules, and filament growth. By tracking developing filaments, we provide experimental evidence for different spatiotemporal roles of the two inhibitors during pattern maintenance and for small molecular copy numbers, justifying a stochastic approach. In the deterministic limit, the model yields Turing patterns within a region of parameter space that shrinks markedly as the inhibitor diffusivities become equal. Transient, noise-driven, stochastic Turing patterns are produced outside this region, which can then be fixed by downstream genetic commitment pathways, dramatically enhancing the robustness of pattern formation, also in the biologically relevant situation in which the inhibitors' diffusivities may be comparable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust stochastic Turing patterns in the development of a one-dimensional cyanobacterial organism

et al. 2018

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“…A recent study confirmed that PatS-8 is processed to the shorter PatS-5 and PatS-6, which then might diffuse along the filament (Zhang et al. 2017 ). Expression of the full-length patS from Anabaena sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Role of PatS and cell type on the heterocyst spacing pattern in a filamentous branching cyanobacterium

Antonaru

Nürnberg

2017

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Cell differentiation is one of the marks of multicellular organisms. Terminally specialised nitrogen-fixing cells, termed heterocysts, evolved in filamentous cyanobacteria more than 2 Gya. The development of their spacing pattern has been thoroughly investigated in model organisms such as Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. This paper focuses on the more complex, branching cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus (Stigonematales). Contrary to what has been previously published, a heterocyst spacing pattern is present in M. laminosus but it varies with the age of the culture and the morphology of the cells. Heterocysts in young, narrow trichomes were more widely spaced (∼14.8 cells) than those in old, wide trichomes (∼9.4 cells). Biochemical and transgenic experiments reveal that the heterocyst spacing pattern is affected by the heterocyst inhibitor PatS. Addition of the pentapeptide RGSGR (PatS-5) to the growth medium and overexpression of patS from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 in M. laminosus resulted in the loss of heterocyst differentiation under nitrogen deprivation. Bioinformatics investigations indicated that putative PatS sequences within cyanobacteria are highly diverse, and fall into two main clades. Both are present in most branching cyanobacteria. Despite its more complex, branching phenotype, M. laminosus appears to use a PatS-based pathway for heterocyst differentiation, a property shared by Anabaena/Nostoc.

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“…Alternatively, PknH might be related to processing the HetN protein. It has been reported that there were PatS-processing activities within cell extracts of Anabaena [ 31 ]. patS encodes a protein with 17 amino acids [ 11 ], but the PatS C-terminal hexapeptide (ERGSGR) has been proposed to be an active form of PatS [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ser/Thr Kinase PknH Is Essential for Maintaining Heterocyst Pattern in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120

Fukushima

Ehira

2018

Life

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In the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain, PCC 7120, heterocysts (which are nitrogen-fixing cells) are formed in the absence of combined nitrogen in the medium. Heterocysts are separated from one another by 10 to 15 vegetative cells along the filaments, which consist of a few hundred of cells. hetR is necessary for heterocyst differentiation; and patS and hetN, expressed in heterocysts, play important roles in heterocyst pattern formation by laterally inhibiting the expression of hetR in adjacent cells. The results of this study indicated that pknH, which encodes a Ser/Thr kinase, was also involved in heterocyst pattern formation. In the pknH mutant, the heterocyst pattern was normal within 24 h after nitrogen deprivation, but multiple contiguous heterocysts were formed from 24 to 48 h. A time-lapse analysis of reporter strains harboring a fusion between gfp and the hetR promoter indicated that pknH was required to suppress hetR expression in cells adjacent to the preexisting heterocysts. These results indicated that pknH was necessary for the lateral inhibition of heterocyst differentiation to maintain the heterocyst pattern.

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Processing of PatS, a morphogen precursor, in cell extracts of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Robust stochastic Turing patterns in the development of a one-dimensional cyanobacterial organism

Robust stochastic Turing patterns in the development of a one-dimensional cyanobacterial organism

Role of PatS and cell type on the heterocyst spacing pattern in a filamentous branching cyanobacterium

The Ser/Thr Kinase PknH Is Essential for Maintaining Heterocyst Pattern in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120

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