Processing of New Materials by Additive Manufacturing: Iron-Based Alloys Containing Silver for Biomedical Applications

Niendorf, Т.; Brenne, F.; Hoyer, Peter F.; Schwarze, Dieter; Schaper, Mirko; Grothe, Richard; Wiesener, Markus; Grundmeier, Guido; Maier, Hans Jürgen

doi:10.1007/s11661-015-2932-2

Cited by 56 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Samples of FeMn steel were fabricated by SLM as previously described in ref . Gas atomized powder was obtained from commercial X‐IP 1000 blanks, the initial chemical composition is provided in ref .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SLM of iron alloy‐based bioresorbable implants has been recently introduced. In particular, Niendorf et al showed that Ag‐phases can be well dispersed in FeMn‐alloys using SLM of mixed metal powders . However, such complex alloys have so far not been intensively studied with regard to their corrosion mechanisms and kinetics in physiological electrolytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion properties of bioresorbable FeMn‐Ag alloys prepared by selective laser melting

Wiesener

Peters

Taube

et al. 2017

Materials & Corrosion

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FeMn‐Ag alloys as potential bioresorbable implant materials were prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) from mixed powders of FeMn and Ag. The microstructure of the samples is characterized by presence of few micrometers to several tens of micrometer large Ag‐phases within the FeMn matrix. The microstructure dependent corrosion and biomineralization processes in simulated body fluid (SBF) were studied in‐situ by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The microstructure and local surface film formation were analyzed by electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and Raman microscopy. The results clearly show that the Ag‐phase acts as a local cathode within the FeMn matrix. However, surface film formation is observed both for the Ag‐ and the FeMn‐phases, which potentially lowers the self‐corrosion as well as the galvanic coupling of the two phases. The formation of AgCl on the Ag‐phases and mixed metal phosphates on the FeMn‐phases can be observed by local Raman spectroscopic analysis in combination with FE‐SEM characterization.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion properties of bioresorbable FeMn‐Ag alloys prepared by selective laser melting

Wiesener

Peters

Taube

et al. 2017

Materials & Corrosion

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“…The ability to process both of these materials has been demonstrated in L-PBF [204], with densities in excess of 99% achievable in Zn [205,206]. Unlike Mg alloys, Fe based alloys often feature excessively slow degradation due to passivation, a problem that has been combated in L-PBF by addition of silver to optimise corrosion properties [207]. However, concerns of biocompatibility remain, with 40 times lower daily exposure observed under normal circumstances in comparison to Mg [187].…”

Section: Bioactive Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, industrial, and research perspectives on powder bed fusion additively manufactured metal implants

Lowther

Louth

Davey

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

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A B S T R A C TFor over ten years, metallic skeletal endoprostheses have been produced in select cases by additive manufacturing (AM) and increasing awareness is driving demand for wider access to the technology. This review brings together key stakeholder perspectives on the translation of AM research; clinical application, ongoing research in the field of powder bed fusion, and the current regulatory framework. The current clinical use of AM is assessed, both on a mass-manufactured scale and bespoke application for patient specific implants. To illuminate the benefits to clinicians, a case study on the provision of custom cranioplasty is provided based on prosthetist testimony. Current progress in research is discussed, with immediate gains to be made through increased design freedom described at both meso-and macro-scale, as well as long-term goals in alloy development including bioactive materials. In all cases, focus is given to specific clinical challenges such as stress shielding and osseointegration. Outstanding challenges in industrialisation of AM are openly raised, with possible solutions assessed. Finally, overarching context is given with a review of the regulatory framework involved in translating AM implants, with particular emphasis placed on customisation within an orthopaedic remit. A viable future for AM of metal implants is presented, and it is suggested that continuing collaboration between all stakeholders will enable acceleration of the translation process. fection or surgical complications [11][12][13].Currently, the majority of skeletal endoprostheses are produced from titanium (Ti) or cobalt chromium (CoCr) based alloys, which meet the criteria of durability, strength, corrosion resistance and a low immune response [14,15]. These characteristics however come at the cost of the high stiffness of these alloys in comparison to bone. Mismatch between the mechanical properties of bone and orthopaedic materials

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“…The open-circuit potential of the investigated alloys was measured in 5 % sodium chloride dissolved in deionized water using an MLab 100 potentiostat from Bank Elektronik with a scan rate of 1 scan/s for 300 s. Apart from that, the open-circuit potential of iron-manganese steel (XIP1000), which was used in previous investigations as base material for an ironsilver alloy, was measured as reference [17].…”

Section: Open-circuit Potential Measurements and Immersion Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, iron and silver are not dissoluble and therefore, iron alloys containing silver cannot be produced via conventional casting [15]. Thus, such alloys can only be manufactured by means of powder metallurgy, including mechanical alloying with subsequent sintering or powder-based additive manufacturing, in particular laser powder bed fusion [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradable silver‐based alloys

Hoyer

Grydin

Frolov

et al. 2020

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Noble metals solved in iron implants are effective cathodes, which can suit to accelerate the corrosion rate of the base material. In terms of its antibacterial behavior as well as lower costs in comparison with gold or platinum, silver seems to be an attractive candidate to adapt the corrosion rate of implants to the medical requirements. However, the degradation of silver in human bodies is a time-consuming process, and is controversially discussed due to the unknown long-term effect of silver on the human organism. Alloying silver with chemical elements less resistant to corrosion in aqueous mediums, particularly, in simulated body fluid, can improve the degradability of silver. Therefore, the current study addresses the design of adapted silver alloys exhibiting improved degradability in comparison with pure silver. Pure silver and binary silver alloys containing silicon, magnesium and calcium are studied in terms of their microstructure, open-circuit potential and degradation rate. Keywords: Silver alloys / alloy-design / biomedical application / open-circuit potential / degradability Edelmetalle, die in eisenbasierten Implantaten gelöst sind, wirken als effektive Kathoden und können die Korrosionsrate des Grundwerkstoffs beschleunigen. In Bezug auf sein antibakterielles Verhalten sowie die niedrigeren Kosten im Vergleich zu Gold oder Platin, ist Silber ein attraktiveres chemisches Element, um die Korrosionsrate von eisenbasierten Implantaten an die medizinischen Anforderungen anzupassen. Der Abbau von Silber im menschlichen Körper ist jedoch ein zeitaufwändiger Prozess und wird aufgrund der noch nicht eindeutig geklärten Langzeitwirkung von Silber auf den menschlichen Organismus kontrovers diskutiert. Legieren von Silber mit chemischen Elementen, die weniger korrosionsbeständig in wässrigen Medien, insbesondere in simulierter Körperflüssigkeit, sind, kann die Resorbierbarkeit von Silber begünstigen. Daher befasst sich diese Studie mit dem Design von adaptierten Silberlegierungen, die im Vergleich zu reinem Silber eine verbesserte Resorbierbarkeit aufweisen. Reinsilber und binäre Silberlegierungen, die Silizium, Magnesium und Calcium enthalten, werden hinsichtlich ihres Gefüges, des freien Korrosionspotenzials und der Degradationsrate untersucht. Schlüsselwörter: Silberlegierung / Legierungsentwicklung / Biomedizinische Anwendung / Freies Korrosionspotenzial / Resorbierbarkeit

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Processing of New Materials by Additive Manufacturing: Iron-Based Alloys Containing Silver for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

Corrosion properties of bioresorbable FeMn‐Ag alloys prepared by selective laser melting

Corrosion properties of bioresorbable FeMn‐Ag alloys prepared by selective laser melting

Clinical, industrial, and research perspectives on powder bed fusion additively manufactured metal implants

Degradable silver‐based alloys

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