Processing of Holographic Hydrogels in Liquid Media: A Study by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Diffraction Efficiency

Abstract

The storage of time-stable holographic gratings in hydrogel matrices when the material is immersed in aqueous media is a real challenge at present. The optimization of the storage stages of the holograms must be properly investigated to identify the most suitable development processes. For this reason, this work is focused on the study of the optimization of the washing stages of the hydrogels based on acrylamide and N,N’-methylenebis(acrylamide) once unslanted transmission holograms have been stored. High-performance liquid chromatography and UV-visible measurements have been employed in our system to analyze the composition of the washing solutions. PBST and DMSO:H2O are used as solvents in the washing stages. The diffraction efficiencies are measured during the washing stages and after the storing of the holograms during several days in PBST. Maximum diffraction efficiencies of 38 and 27.6% are reached when PBST and DMSO:H2O are employed, respectively, for the washing process. Holograms show temporal stability after being stored immersed in PBST at 4 °C for 4 days.

Holographic Recording of Unslanted Volume Transmission Gratings in Acrylamide/Propargyl Acrylate Hydrogel Layers: Towards Nucleic Acids Biosensing

“…Thin films of hydrogels composed of AA, MBA and PA were prepared by adapting the described protocol [ 12 , 23 ]. AA and MBA acted as the skeletal monomer and crosslinker, respectively.…”

“…Hydrogel layer preparation was performed using an adapted protocol [ 12 , 23 ]. First, 25% ( w / v ) of AM, 0.05% ( w / v ) of MBA 75 µL of PA, and 1% ( w / v ) of KPS were mixed in 5 mL of distilled water.…”

“…Normally, a mixture of monomers, a crosslinker, a free radical generator and a dye photosensitizer are required for the recording of volume transmission gratings [ 10 ]. Photopolymers are typically formed by a polymeric binder and other components that allow for the fabrication of dry layers, but the use of hydrogels as holographic matrices is strongly appealing for obtaining materials stable in aqueous environment [ 11 , 12 ]. On exposure to light, the photosensitizer dye reacts through electron transfer to generate free radicals so that polymerization can begin.…”

A selective LSPR biosensor for molecular-level glycated albumin detection

“…High-performance liquid chromatography sensors [ 5 , [6] , [7] , [8] ], spectrometric sensors [ 9 , [10] , [11] , [12] ], optoelectronic sensors [ 13 , [14] , [15] , [16] ], chemical analysis sensors [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], electrochemical sensors [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], and electromagnetic sensors [ 23 ] are just a few examples of the numerous different types of glucose sensors that have been reported. Electrochemical biosensors are the most commonly used type out of all the ones.…”

Volume Holographic Structuring of Special Hydrogel Films by Photochemical Crosslinking

“…The latter phenomenon forms the basis for volume holography. However, in addition to the possibilities and advantages, holographic gratings in hydrogels also bring new challenges, for example, with respect to temporal stability-this concerns the storage of time-stable holographic gratings in hydrogel matrices [30].…”