Processing of clay/epoxy nanocomposites by shear mixing

Yasmin, A.; Abot, Jandro L.; Daniel, I. M.

doi:10.1016/s1359-6462(03)00173-8

Cited by 376 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Kornmann et al [3,4] also obtained an intercalated/ exfoliated structure for epoxy nanocomposites, but the clay particles were not uniform and homogeneously distributed in the matrix, and a substantial number of large clay aggregates remained. Good intercalation and good dispersion have also been obtained by using a three-roll mill to disperse the clay nanoparticles, as reported by Yasmin et al [6]. However, from a practical point of view, the TS method described here has an advantage over the three-roll mill owing to its flexibility, mobility, and low investment cost, while from a technical point of view, it can handle low viscosity systems, which is a limitation of the three-roll mill approach.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

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Preparation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. The effect of premixing on dispersion of organoclay

Ngo¹,

Ton‐That

Hoa³

et al. 2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The objective of this work was to systematically study the effect of the conditions of shear and temperature used to premix nanoclay with epoxy resin on the dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of the nanoclay in the resulting epoxy nanocomposites. The different mixing approaches used were hand stirring, conventional mechanical stirring, a high-speed homogenizer, and a microfluidizer. The quality of dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of the organoclay in the epoxy resin was analyzed after premixing (before adding hardener) by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and rheological measurements. Nanocomposites obtained after adding hardener and curing were characterized by means of XRD, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and image analysis. Both the premixing and curing steps were found to play a determining role in the dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay. Increased intercalation and exfoliation can take place during curing, with the extent depending on the curing rate. Although full exfoliation of clay cannot be achieved at the premixing stage, this step appears to be very important in controlling the micro-dispersion and thus affecting the further intercalation and exfoliation that take place during the curing step.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…However, it is not enough to produce a high degree of dispersion. Yasmin et al [6] used a three-roll mill to disperse the clay nanoparticles in an epoxy matrix and improved the distribution of the particles. Chen and Tolle [7] achieved fully exfoliated layered silicate epoxies by high-shear mixing in the presence of acetone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. The effect of premixing on dispersion of organoclay

Ngo¹,

Ton‐That

Hoa³

et al. 2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…A high degree of exfoliation was obtained by dispersing up to 9 wt% of Cloisite 30B in a semiaromatic copolyamide [17] in a small TSE. Good results were also obtained using polycarbonate [18,19] or epoxy [20]. Generally, it is quite difficult to exfoliate clay in low-polarity polymers, such as polystyrene [21,22] or polyolefins [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Melt compounding of different grades polystyrene with organoclay. Part 3: Mechanical properties

et al. 2005

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We discuss the effects of the melt compounding variables, matrix molecular weight and organoclay content on the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical properties of polystyrene (PS)/organoclay nanocomposites (PNC) prepared in a twin‐screw extruder. An increase of residence time reduced the height of the first XRD peak and increased that of the second peak. Barrel temperature and screw configuration had a little influence on the tensile properties and impact strength. Young's modulus increased with organoclay content and it was almost independent of matrix PS molecular weight. The stress‐at‐break and impact strength decreased with organoclay content and increased with PS molecular weight. Young's modulus and impact strength decreased with residence time. Since the slopes of these dependencies for PNC were similar to that of the neat PS, the matrix degradation seems to play the major role. The relationship between impact strength and elongation at break of PNC showed high dependency on matrix grade. However, better empirical correlation was observed between the impact and tensile strengths. According to theoretical model of Ji et al. [32], the Young's modulus vs. clay concentration dependence indicated the presence of low interphase thickness. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 45:827–837, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Therefore, homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in the polymer matrix is one of the key factors to enhance mechanical properties of the composites [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The common dispersion techniques for processing CNT/polymer composites have been direct mixing and sonication [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In addition, Gojny et al [6] showed that the utilization of 3-roll-milling, which applies intensive shear forces on the processed compounds, is an appropriate technique to exfoliate and disperse carbon nanotubes in an epoxy resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical aspects related to processing of carbon nanotube/unsaturated thermoset polyester nanocomposites

Seyhan

Gojny

Tanoğlu

et al. 2007

European Polymer Journal

104

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have outstanding mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. As a result, particular interest has been recently given in exploiting these properties by incorporating carbon nanotubes into some form of matrix. Although unsaturated polyesters with styrene have widespread use in the industrial applications, surprisingly there is no study in the literature about CNT/thermoset polyester nanocomposite systems. In the present paper, we underline some important issues and limitations during the processing of unsaturated polyester resins with different types of carbon nanotubes. In that manner, 3-roll mill and sonication techniques were comparatively evaluated to process nanocomposites made of CNTs with and without amine (NH 2 ) functional groups and polyesters. It was found that styrene evaporation from the polyester resin system was a critical issue for nanocomposite processing. Rheological behaviour of the suspensions containing CNTs and tensile strengths of their resulting nanocomposites were characterized. CNT/polyester suspensions exhibited a shear thinning behaviour, while polyester resin blends act as a Newtonian fluid. It was also found that nanotubes with amine functional groups have better tensile strength, as compared to those with untreated CNTs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also employed to reveal the degree of dispersion of CNTs in the matrix.

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Processing of clay/epoxy nanocomposites by shear mixing

Cited by 376 publications

References 13 publications

Preparation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. The effect of premixing on dispersion of organoclay

Preparation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. The effect of premixing on dispersion of organoclay

Melt compounding of different grades polystyrene with organoclay. Part 3: Mechanical properties

Critical aspects related to processing of carbon nanotube/unsaturated thermoset polyester nanocomposites

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