Processing of biscuit industrial effluent using thin film composite nanofiltration membranes

Abstract

Nanofiltration (NF) is a membrane-based separation process having significant potential for the treatment of industrial effluents to enable water reuse. It has the ability to remove low molecular weight trace contaminants from water, which cannot be separated by conventional treatment methods. In the present investigation, a thin film composite polyamide membrane was synthesized by interfacial polymerization technique and evaluated for the treatment of biscuit industrial effluent. The synthesized membrane was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy to elucidate structure and intermolecular interactions, crystallinity, thermal stability and cross-sectional morphology, respectively. The influence of operating parameters such as feed pressure 0-21 kg/cm 2 and total dissolved solids (TDS) of 3160 ppm on water flux and impurity rejection was determined. An average flux of 11.63 L/m 2 h was obtained at a constant pressure of 21 kg/ cm 2 . The TDS, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) rejections were found to be 53.62, 80, and 74%, respectively, at a water recovery of 65%. A statistical mechanical model was used to validate the experimental data. Based on this study, a detailed economic estimation for processing biscuit effluent of 1 m 3 /h feed capacity using commercial NF system is presented. The study revealed that the synthesized NF membrane could be an effective alternative for the treatment of various industrial effluents as well as to reduce the load on reverse osmosis process for desalination of seawater and effluent treatment through high degree of COD and BOD separation.

WITHDRAWN: An integrated process of methanol coagulation and side-stream membrane bioreactor for the treatment of rice gruel wastewater

“…Usually, conventional processes require enormous space, high energy consumption, chemical usage, and labour cost compared to membrane processes [37], which are one-time investments to obtain good quality of water from e uents for reuse in various applications to reduce fresh water consumption. Low pressure membrane processes can be used for the production of reusable water in various applications.…”

“…Usually, the conventional processes required enormous space, high energy consumption, chemical usage and labour cost compared to membrane process [32]. However, by considering environmental engineering drawbacks in low -pressure membrane processes for the production of potable water in various applications.…”

WITHDRAWN: An integrated process of methanol coagulation and side-stream membrane bioreactor for the treatment of rice gruel wastewater 

“…Usually, the conventional processes required enormous space, high energy consumption, chemical usage, and labor cost compared to the membrane process [17]. However, by considering environmental engineering drawbacks in low-pressure membrane processes for potable water production in various applications.…”

Modification of used commercial reverse osmosis membranes to nanofiltration modules for the production of mineral-rich packaged drinking water

“…The -CH 2 stretching vibration of the peak is seen at 2376 cm −1 with corresponding-NH stretching vibration occurring at 3446.91 cm −1 which are associated with the primary and secondary amines connected with terminal amine groups. The characteristic peaks of 1481, 1398, 1288, 1244, and 1172-1016 cm −1 are attributed to aromatic C-C, symmetric O=S=O, ether C-O-C, and asymmetric O=S=O group stretching vibrations of PES support layer of the composite membrane, respectively (Tin et al 2003;Venkata et al 2016). The intensity of the peaks of amides I and II was found to decrease from the original RO (Fig.…”