Processing Bias for Sexual Material: The Emotional Stroop and Sexual Offenders

Smith, Paul M.; Waterman, Mitch

doi:10.1177/107906320401600206

Cited by 62 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Novel methods attempting to examine cognitions and/or cognitive components of deviant sexual interest include Implicit Association Tests (Banse, Schmidt, & Clarbour, 2010;Brown, Gray, & Snowden, 2009;Gray, Brown, MacCulloch, Smith, & Snowden, 2005;Mihailides, Devilly, & Ward, 2004;Nunes, Firestone, & Baldwin, 2007;Ó Ciardha & Gormley, 2009;Steffens, Yundina, & Panning, 2008), choice reaction time tests (Giotakos, 2005;Gress, 2008;Mokros, Dombert, Osterheider, Zappalà, & Santtila, 2010), modified Stroop tasks (Ó Ciardha & Gormley, in press;Price & Hanson, 2007;Smith & Waterman, 2004), rapid serial visual presentation tasks Keown, Gannon, & Ward, 2010), Implicit Relational Assessment Procedures (Dawson, Barnes-Holmes, Gresswell, Hart, & Gore, 2009) and lexical decision tasks (Blake & Gannon, 2010;Keown, Gannon, & Ward, 2008) . The majority of these have focused on the simpler-relatively speaking-task of measuring sexual interest.…”

Section: Differences Between Child Molesters and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cognitive distortions of child molesters are in need of treatment

Ciardha

Gannon

2011

Journal of Sexual Aggression

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This paper forms the second part of a debate lead by Marshall, Marshall, and Kingston (2011) regarding the need to address so-called cognitive distortions in sexual offender treatment. In their paper, Marshall et al. argue that so-called cognitive distortions may not necessarily require intense and focussed attention or challenge throughout treatment. In evaluating Marshall et al."s arguments, we highlight some inherent differences in how both Marshall et al. and ourselves choose to define the term cognitive distortion. We surmise that these key definitional differences appear to account for many of the issues that we "debate". In particular, for example, Marshall et al. focus their arguments regarding cognitive distortions more explicitly upon excuses, denial and minimizations whereas we choose to focus upon schemas and higher order belief structures. Thus, we argue that the broadness and vagueness of the term cognitive distortion can lend itself to quite different interpretations and research foci. We offer some alternative views to Marshall et al."s position and advocate the consideration of cognitions with an aetiological role in offending. We conclude with some suggestions for future research and treatment.

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Section: Differences Between Child Molesters and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cognitive distortions of child molesters are in need of treatment

Ciardha

Gannon

2011

Journal of Sexual Aggression

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“…The modified Stroop task (Ó Ciardha & Gormley, 2009;Price & Hanson, 2007; P. Smith & Waterman, 2004) involves presenting words or images to participants that may be sexually salient. Stimuli are presented in one of several colors-usually four-which participants must identify as quickly as possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Pictorial-Modified Stroop Task to Explore the Sexual Interests of Sexual Offenders Against Children

Ciardha

Gormley

2011

Sex Abuse

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The results of two studies are reported examining the utility of a pictorial modified Stroop task in the assessment of sexual interest in a sample of non offending participants and of sexual offenders against children. A mixed factorial design was adopted for both. Nine gay and twelve straight participants took part in the first study which found that participants typically had attentional bias on the pictorial modified Stroop task that was in line with their stated sexual interests. Twenty four sexual offenders against children and twenty four control participants took part in the second study. Again results indicated that the task was tapping into the participants' stated sexual interests. Furthermore extrafamilial offenders and offenders with an admitted sexual interest in children demonstrated the greatest mean bias for child stimuli relative to adult stimuli. A cautious interpretation of the results was recommended, given the sample size in the study, the heterogeneity of the sample, differences in cognitive speed among offenders and controls and other methodological caveats.

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“…S obzirom na to da je veličina uzorka u našem istraživanju suviše mala za dodatne ciljeve, ideja za buduća istraživanja bi bila da se istraži kako se osobine ličnosti izvršilaca krivičnih djela razlikuju u zavisnosti od vrste krivičnog djela zbog kojeg izdržavaju kaznu zatvora i od dužine trajanja kazne, kao i od toga da li se radi o recidivistima. Na primjer, seksualni prestupnici i oni koji vrše krivična djela iz oblasti nasilničkog kriminaliteta se razlikuju od drugih osuđenika u obradi emocionalne informacije (Gery, Miljkovitch, Berthoz & Soussignan, 2009;Smith & Waterman, 2004). Osim toga, neki izvršioci krivičnih djela nisu antisocijalni u uobičajenom smislu riječi.…”

Section: Diskusijaunclassified

Differences between personality traits of convicted and non-convicted persons: The Hexaco model of personality as a framework

Vrućinić¹

2017

Psihol istra

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Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi značajnost razlika u osobinama ličnosti između osuđivanih i neosuđivanih osoba kako bi se identifikovale individualne karakteristike po kojima se "prestupnik" razlikuje od onih koji ne vrše krivične prestupe. Uzorak u ovom istraživanju je prigodan i činilo ga je 65 štićenika Kazneno-popravnog zavoda Banja Luka (ispitna grupa) i 65 ispitanika opšte populacije (kontrolna grupa). Razlike u osobinama ličnosti između prestupnika i neprestupnika ispitali smo pomoću HEXACO-60 upitnika za mjerenje ličnosti (Lee & Ashton, 2009). Izvršioci krivičnih djela se od opšte populacije razlikuju u tri od šest dimenzija ličnosti koje su predložene modelom ličnosti HEXACO. U poređenju sa neprestupnicima, prestupnici postižu više skorove na dimenziji Otvorenost za iskustvo i na pripadajućem aspektu uvažavanje estetike. Suprotno tome, rezultati pokazuju da prestupnici u odnosu na neprestupnike ostvaruju značajno niže skorove na dimenziji Poštenje-Poniznost i na pripadajućim aspektima iskrenost i pravičnost, kao i na dimenziji Saradljivost nasuprot Srdžbe i na pripadajućem aspektu praštanje. Ključne riječi: HEXACO, osuđenici, crte ličnosti, kriminalno ponašanje UvodLjudi se razlikuju prema stepenu izraženosti pojedinih osobina, pa se tako mogu i upoređivati na osnovu njega. Istraživači u najvećem broju slučajeva upravo i polaze od ovih individualnih razlika, koje se utvrđuju na osnovu stepena prisustva opštih osobina individue i kako bi utvrdili primarnu strukturu ličnosti.Postoje mnoge različite osobine ličnosti, od kojih neke povećavaju vjerovatnoću za vršenje antisocijalnih radnji. Suština je u tome da ljudi imaju različite osobine koje utiču na to da oni različito reaguju u identičnim situacijama.

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Processing Bias for Sexual Material: The Emotional Stroop and Sexual Offenders

Cited by 62 publications

References 19 publications

The cognitive distortions of child molesters are in need of treatment

The cognitive distortions of child molesters are in need of treatment

Using a Pictorial-Modified Stroop Task to Explore the Sexual Interests of Sexual Offenders Against Children

Differences between personality traits of convicted and non-convicted persons: The Hexaco model of personality as a framework

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