Processing and tensile characterization of composites composed of carbon nanotube-grown carbon fibers

Hung, Kai-Hsuan; Kuo, Wen‐Shyong; Ko, Tse‐Hao; Tzeng, Shinn-Shyong; Yan, Changzeng

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.06.002

Cited by 77 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[26][27][28] The flexural properties of composites containing CNT-grafted carbon performs have improved by 5-75%. [29][30][31][32] These results point towards the potential of creating hierarchical structure within composite materials to improve the mechanical performances of traditional composites.…”

Section: Challenges In Engineering Hierarchical Structures In Synthetmentioning

confidence: 87%

Hierarchical Composites Made Entirely from Renewable Resources

Blaker¹,

Lee²,

Bismarck³

2011

J Biobased Mat Bioenergy

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Recent interest in the utilisation of greener materials has reinitiated the interest in natural fibres and/or fibrils as reinforcement for polymers. However, such bio-based composites often exhibit properties that fall short of expectations due to (i) inadequate processing conditions, resulting in filler agglomeration and poor filler dispersion within the matrix, (ii) variations in natural fibre properties, often due to geographical and seasonal variability, (iii) anisotropy of the natural fibres themselves, (iv) high linear coefficient of thermal expansion for natural fibres and (v) the incompatibility between typically hydrophilic natural fibres and hydrophobic polymer matrices resulting in poor interfacial adhesion between the phases. Chemical modification of natural fibres is often performed to enhance the fibre-matrix interface. A new type of modification, which involves depositing a coating of nanosized cellulose onto natural fibres or dispersing nano-sized cellulose in natural fibre reinforced composites, has been shown to improve the fibre-matrix interface and the overall mechanical performances of such composites, which we term hierarchical (nano)composites. Such composites are also known as multiscale, nanoengineered or nanostructured composites. This paper reviews the current progress of green hierarchical (nano)composites made entirely from renewable materials. As a backdrop, here we look at how nature organises structures across different length scales. We discuss techniques to achieve percolated nanofiller networks within the matrix, at low-medium loading fractions (typically 6-10 vol.%) and processing routes to achieve high loading fractions, then focus on those used to produce truly hierarchical structures in terms of their processing and resultant properties. By creating hierarchical structures within bio-based composite materials we expect to match and improve upon non-renewable polymers.

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Section: Challenges In Engineering Hierarchical Structures In Synthetmentioning

confidence: 87%

Hierarchical Composites Made Entirely from Renewable Resources

Blaker¹,

Lee²,

Bismarck³

2011

J Biobased Mat Bioenergy

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“…Carbon nanotubes have been grafted on to conventional fibres such as carbon fibres and glass fibres to improve the interfacial bonding strength of the latter in polymer matrices [71,72,[85][86][87][88][89]. Hung et al [86] conducted tensile tests of composites containing carbon fibres that are grafted with CNTs on their surfaces, and found an increase in the tensile strength.…”

Section: Pull-out Of Short Fibres Grafted With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hung et al [86] conducted tensile tests of composites containing carbon fibres that are grafted with CNTs on their surfaces, and found an increase in the tensile strength. Based on the observations of the surface of the pull-out holes left by the carbon fibresinthematrix,Hungetal.…”

Section: Pull-out Of Short Fibres Grafted With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the observations of the surface of the pull-out holes left by the carbon fibresinthematrix,Hungetal. [86] proposed three types of deformation of CNTs during the pull-out process: (i) the CNTs break at the CNT/carbon fibre joint; (ii) the CNTs are pulled out from the matrix; and (iii) the CNTs break at a length from the hole and then are pulled out. For the epoxy matrix composite, Hung et al [86] observed that some CNTs are indeed pulled out, but type (i) is regarded as the major failure mechanism.…”

Section: Pull-out Of Short Fibres Grafted With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[86] proposed three types of deformation of CNTs during the pull-out process: (i) the CNTs break at the CNT/carbon fibre joint; (ii) the CNTs are pulled out from the matrix; and (iii) the CNTs break at a length from the hole and then are pulled out. For the epoxy matrix composite, Hung et al [86] observed that some CNTs are indeed pulled out, but type (i) is regarded as the major failure mechanism. However, An et al [88] conducted pull-out tests of carbon nanotube-grafted carbon fibres from epoxy and demonstrated a 94 % increase in the interfacial shear strength with type (ii) as the prevailing mode.…”

Section: Pull-out Of Short Fibres Grafted With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A bridging law and its application to the analysis of toughness of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites and pull-out of fibres grafted with nanotubes

2015

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Bridging laws are essential in predicting the mechanical behaviour of conventional short-fibrereinforced composites and the emerging nanofibre-reinforced composites. In this paper, we first review some studies on the toughness of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites that is induced by the pull-out of the nanotubes from the matrix, and on the development of the corresponding bridging laws. A close examination of the available bridging laws for carbon nanotubes reveals that some fundamental issues need to be further addressed. We propose a simple nonlinear and smooth bridging law to describe the pull-out force-displacement behaviour of carbon nanotubes from a matrix. This law contains only two material parameters, reflects the basic features of the pull-out experiments, and is easy to use. We then use this bridging law to calculate the fracture toughness of carbon nanotube-reinforced nanocomposites and predict the pull-out force-displacement response of conventional short fibres that are grafted with carbon nanotubes. Some parametric studies are conducted to reveal the influence of various parameters at the nano-and micro-scale on these properties.

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Single Carbon Fibers with a Macroscopic‐Thickness, 3D Highly Porous Carbon Nanotube Coating

Zou

Zhao

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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Carbon fiber (CF) grafted with a layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) plays an important role in composite materials and other fields; to date, the applications of CNTs@CF multiscale fibers are severely hindered by the limited amount of CNTs grafted on individual CFs and the weak interfacial binding force. Here, monolithic CNTs@CF fibers consisting of a 3D highly porous CNT sponge layer with macroscopic-thickness (up to several millimeters), which is directly grown on a single CF, are fabricated. Mechanical tests reveal high sponge-CF interfacial strength owing to the presence of a thin transitional layer, which completely inhibits the CF slippage from the matrix upon fracture in CNTs@CF fiber-epoxy composites. The porous conductive CNTs@CF hybrid fibers also act as a template for introducing active materials (pseudopolymers and oxides), and a solid-state fiber-shaped supercapacitor and a fiber-type lithium-ion battery with high performances are demonstrated. These CNTs@CF fibers with macroscopic CNT layer thickness have many potential applications in areas such as hierarchically reinforced composites and flexible energy-storage textiles.

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Processing and tensile characterization of composites composed of carbon nanotube-grown carbon fibers

Cited by 77 publications

References 16 publications

Hierarchical Composites Made Entirely from Renewable Resources

Hierarchical Composites Made Entirely from Renewable Resources

A bridging law and its application to the analysis of toughness of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites and pull-out of fibres grafted with nanotubes

Single Carbon Fibers with a Macroscopic‐Thickness, 3D Highly Porous Carbon Nanotube Coating

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