Processing and structure of high-energy-rate-forged 21-6-9 and 304L forgings

Mataya, M. C.; Carr, M. J.; Krenzer, R. W.; Krauß, G.

doi:10.2172/5947945

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…They used high-energy rate forging (HERF) equipment to produce several complex geometries in temperatures ranging from 760 • C to 955 • C and found deformation temperature and geometry affect the final mechanical properties of the parts. Mataya et al (1981) also observed large microstructural and hardness variations across parts forged in this temperature range. Mataya et al (1990) performed forward extrusion tests on cylindrical 304L specimens by HERF and press forming.…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Strain Ratementioning

confidence: 67%

“…Mataya et al (1981) showed that for 21-6-9 and 304L deformed at high strain rate of approximately 800 s −1 , there is an increase in the warm/hot working transition temperature up to at least 60% of the absolute melting point of the alloy. They used high-energy rate forging (HERF) equipment to produce several complex geometries in temperatures ranging from 760 • C to 955 • C and found deformation temperature and geometry affect the final mechanical properties of the parts.…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Strain Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…After Mataya et al (1981) observed gross variations in grain structure and hardness in complex forging geometries of 304L, Mataya and Carr (1984) provided an explanation of these variations due to processing variables and die shapes. They indicated that during deformation, the flow of soft bulk material may be constrained by "die locked", "die chilled", or "dead metal" zones.…”

Section: Within-part Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of forging strain rate and deformation temperature on the mechanical properties of warm-worked 304L stainless steel

Switzner

Tyne

Mataya

2010

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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Article history: Stainless steel 304L forgings were produced with four different types of production forging equipment -hydraulic press, mechanical press, screw press, and high-energy rate forging (HERF). Each machine imparted a different nominal strain rate during the deformation. The final forgings were done at the warm working (low hot working) temperatures of 816 • C, 843• C, and 871• C. The objectives of the study were to characterize and understand the effect of industrial strain rates (i.e. processing equipment), and deformation temperature on the mechanical properties for the final component. Some of the components were produced with an anneal prior to the final forging while others were deformed without the anneal. The results indicate that lower strain rates produced lower strength and higher ductility components, but the lower strain rate processes were more sensitive to deformation temperature variation and resulted in more within-part property variation. The highest strain rate process, HERF, resulted in slightly lower yield strength due to internal heating. Lower processing temperatures increased strength, decreased ductility but decreased within-part property variation. The anneal prior to the final forging produced a decrease in strength, a small increase in ductility, and a small decrease of within-part property variation.

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Section: Effects Of Temperature and Strain Ratementioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Strain Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Within-part Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of forging strain rate and deformation temperature on the mechanical properties of warm-worked 304L stainless steel

Switzner

Tyne

Mataya

2010

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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“…It is important to note that no post-build heat treatment was performed on the AM plates. The wrought material used in this study was processed by high energy rate forging [27].…”

Section: Materials and Am Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock Hugoniot of Forged and Additively Manufactured 304L Stainless Steel

Thomas

Hawkins

Hixson

et al. 2022

Metals

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The purpose of this research was to measure the equation of state for additively manufactured (AM) and forged 304L stainless steel using a novel experimental technique. An understanding of the dynamic behavior of AM metals is integral to their timely adoption into various applications. The Hugoniot of the AM 304L was compared to that of the forged 304L at particle velocities where the material retains a two-wave structure. This comparison enabled us to determine the sensitivity of the equation of state to microstructure as varied due to processing. Our results showed that there was a measurable difference in the measured shock velocity between the AM and forged 304L. The shock wave velocities for the AM 304L were found to be ~3% slower than those for the forged 304L at similar particle velocities. To understand these differences, properties such as densities, sound speeds, and texture were measured and compared between the forged and AM materials. Our results showed that no measurable difference was found in these properties. Additionally, it is possible that differing elastic wave amplitudes may influence shock velocity

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“…Rocky Flats reports on the HERF microstructure indicate that there is a distinct transition from dislocation cells to sub-grains in the temperature region around 0.5 T m , depending upon the strain rate of forging. [28] Heavily worked stainless steels exposed to tritium can show transgranular fracture ( Figure 5). This apparently results when decay helium bubbles associated with the dislocation substructure of highly deformed steels make transgranular fracture more favorable than intergranular fracture.…”

Section: Dislocation Substructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Features Affecting Properties and Aging of Tritium-Exposed Austentic Stainless Steel

Subramanian¹,

Morgan²

2004

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Processing and structure of high-energy-rate-forged 21-6-9 and 304L forgings

Cited by 5 publications

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Effect of forging strain rate and deformation temperature on the mechanical properties of warm-worked 304L stainless steel

Effect of forging strain rate and deformation temperature on the mechanical properties of warm-worked 304L stainless steel

Shock Hugoniot of Forged and Additively Manufactured 304L Stainless Steel

Microstructural Features Affecting Properties and Aging of Tritium-Exposed Austentic Stainless Steel

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