Processing and Properties of Strong and Non-rigid Calcium Phosphate                Cement

Xu, Hockin D.; Quinn, Janet B.; Takagi, Shōzō; Chow, Laurence C.

doi:10.1177/0810219

Cited by 86 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Chitosan has been shown to strengthen and toughen CPC [42,43], resist the washout of CPC paste in physiological solution, and accelerate CPC setting [39]. Chitosan lactate (referred to as chitosan; VANSON, Redmond, WA) was mixed with water at chitosan/(chitosan +water) mass fractions of: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, to form four CPC liquids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatigue and human umbilical cord stem cell seeding characteristics of calcium phosphate–chitosan–biodegradable fiber scaffolds

Zhao

Burguera

et al. 2010

Biomaterials

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Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has in situ-setting ability and bioactivity, but the brittleness and low strength limit CPC to only non-load-bearing bone repairs. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can be harvested without an invasive procedure required for the commonly studied bone marrow MSCs. However, little has been reported on hUCMSC delivery via bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The objectives of this study were to develop CPC scaffolds with improved resistance to fatigue and fracture, and to investigate hUCMSC delivery for bone tissue engineering. In fast fracture, CPC with 15% chitosan and 20% polyglactin fibers (CPC-chitosanfiber scaffold) had flexural strength of 26 MPa, higher than 10 MPa for CPC control (p < 0.05). In cyclic loading, CPC-chitosan-fiber specimens that survived 2 × 10 6 cycles had the maximum stress of 10 MPa, compared to 5 MPa of CPC control. CPC-chitosan-fiber specimens that failed after multiple cycles had a mean stress-to-failure of 9 MPa, compared to 5.8 MPa for CPC control (p < 0.05). hUCMSCs showed excellent viability when seeded on CPC and CPC-chitosan-fiber scaffolds. The percentage of live cells reached 96-99%. Cell density was about 300 cells/mm 2 at day 1; it proliferated to 700 cells/mm 2 at day 4. Wst-1 assay showed that the stronger CPC-chitosan-fiber scaffold had hUCMSC viability that matched the CPC control (p > 0.1). In summary, this study showed that chitosan and polyglactin fibers substantially increased the fatigue resistance of CPC, and that hUCMSCs had excellent proliferation and viability on the scaffolds.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paste in the mold was set in a humidor with 100% relative humidity for 4 h at 37 °C. Then the specimens were demolded and immersed in a physiological solution (1.15 mmol/L Ca, 1.2 mmol/L P, 133 mmol/L NaCl, 50 mmol/L Hepes, buffered to 7.4 pH) at 37 °C for 20 h prior to testing [42]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue and human umbilical cord stem cell seeding characteristics of calcium phosphate–chitosan–biodegradable fiber scaffolds

Zhao

Burguera

et al. 2010

Biomaterials

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“…Degradation of the fiber over time could coincide with the ingrowth of bone and a gradual transfer of load from the biomaterial to the natural bone. Another method was the addition of a biopolymer chitosan 20,22. It was shown that the addition of chitosan and fibers together into CPC had a synergistic reinforcement effect in enhancing the fracture resistance of CPC 22…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐setting collagen‐calcium phosphate bone cement: Mechanical and cellular properties

Moreau

Weir

2008

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) can conform to complex bone cavities and set in-situ to form bioresorbable hydroxyapatite. The aim of this study was to develop a CPC-collagen composite with improved fracture resistance, and to investigate the effects of collagen on mechanical and cellular properties. A type-I bovine-collagen was incorporated into CPC. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were cultured. At CPC powder/liquid mass ratio of 3, the work-of-fracture (mean±sd; n=6) was increased from (22±4) J/m 2 at 0% collagen, to (381±119) J/m 2 at 5% collagen (p≤0.05). At 2.5-5% of collagen, the flexural strength at powder/liquid ratios of 3 and 3.5 was 8-10 MPa. They matched the previously-reported 2-11 MPa of sintered porous hydroxyapatite implants. SEM revealed that the collagen fibers were covered with nano-apatite crystals and bonded to the CPC matrix. Higher collagen content increased the osteoblast cell attachment (p≤0.05). The number of live cells per specimen area was (382±99) cells/mm 2 on CPC containing 5% collagen, higher than (173±42) cells/mm 2 at 0% collagen (p≤0.05). The cytoplasmic extensions of the cells anchored to the nano-apatite crystals of the CPC matrix. In summary, collagen was incorporated into in situsetting, nano-apatitic CPC, achieving a 10-fold increase in work-of-fracture (toughness) and 2-fold increase in osteoblast cell attachment. This moldable/injectable, mechanically-strong, nanoapatite-collagen composite may enhance bone regeneration in moderate stress-bearing applications.

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“…Similar to CPCs, improvement of the material and mechanical properties have been achieved by incorporating biocompatible and bioresorbable reinforcement additives such as Vicryl meshes [53] or chitosan. [54] …”

Section: Osteoconductive Bone Substitutes: Biologics As Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations and Considerations for the Use of Biologics in Orthopedic Surgery

et al. 2012

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Reconstruction of extensive bone defects remains technically challenging and has considerable medical and financial impact on our society. Surgical procedures often require a bone/substitute graft to enhance and accelerate bone repair. Bone autografts are associated with morbidity related to bone harvesting and are limited in quantity. Alternatively, bone allografts expose the patient to the risk of transmission of infectious disease. Synthetic bone graft substitutes, such as calcium sulfates, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and combinations, circumvent some of the disadvantages of auto- and allografts, but have limited indications. Biomedical research has made possible the stimulation of the body’s own healing mechanisms, either by delivering exogenous growth factors locally, or by stimulating their local production by gene transfer. Among all known factors having osteoinductive properties, only two bone morphogenetic proteins (for specific indications) and demineralized bone matrix have been approved for clinical use. In addition, ongoing research is exploring the efficacy of cell therapy and tissue engineering. The present report examines the composition, biological properties, indications, clinical experience and regulations of several of the biotherapeutics employed for bone reconstruction.

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Processing and Properties of Strong and Non-rigid Calcium Phosphate Cement

Cited by 86 publications

References 23 publications

Fatigue and human umbilical cord stem cell seeding characteristics of calcium phosphate–chitosan–biodegradable fiber scaffolds

Fatigue and human umbilical cord stem cell seeding characteristics of calcium phosphate–chitosan–biodegradable fiber scaffolds

Self‐setting collagen‐calcium phosphate bone cement: Mechanical and cellular properties

Recommendations and Considerations for the Use of Biologics in Orthopedic Surgery

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