Processes driving the short-term variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Baltimore and northern Chesapeake Bay atmosphere, USA

Dachs, Jordi; Glenn, Thomas R.; Gigliotti, Cari L.; Brunciak, Paul A.; Totten, Lisa A.; Nelson, Eric D.; Franz, Thomas R.; Eisenreich, Steven J.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00236-4

Cited by 77 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…2). These results were in good agreement with those reported previously [24,25,[28][29][30][31]. Results indicated that about 69% and 81% of 14 PAHs were in the gasphase for suburban and urban sites, respectively.…”

Section: Ambient Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, total 14 PAH concentrations measured at all sites in this study are significantly higher than those reported by Mandalakis et al [26] for urban Athens. The PAH levels measured at suburban site in this study are similar to those reported by Bozlaker et al [5] for an industrial site in Izmir, by Tsapakis and Stephanou [27] for urban Heraklion, by Ohura et al [28] for industrial sites in Fuji and Shimizu, and by Dachs et al [29] for urban/industrial Baltimore. The PAH levels at the urban site determined in this study are comparable to those reported by Possanzini et al [30] for downtown Rome and by Halsall et al [31] for urban sites in London and Manchester.…”

Section: Ambient Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Demircioglu

Sofuoğlu

Odabaşı

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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a b s t r a c tAmbient air and dry deposition samples were collected at suburban and urban sites in Izmir, Turkey. Atmospheric total (particle + gas) 14 PAHs concentrations were 36 ± 39 and 144 ± 163 ng m −3 for suburban and urban sites, respectively. Phenanthrene was the most abundant compound at all sites, and all samples were dominated by low molecular weight PAHs. Average particulate 14 PAH dry deposition fluxes were 8160 ± 5024 and 4286 ± 2782 ng m −2 day −1 and overall average particulate dry deposition velocities were 1.5 ± 2.4 and 1.0 ± 2.3 cm s −1 for suburban and urban sites, respectively. Soil samples were collected at suburban site. Average soil concentration for 14 PAH was 55.9 ± 14.4 ng g −1 dry weight. Calculated gas-phase air-soil exchange fluxes indicated that fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and carbazole were deposited to soil in winter while they were volatilized in summer. Other compounds (fluoranthene-benzo[g,h,i]perylene) were deposited to soil in both periods. Annual average fluxes of PAHs representing soil to air (i.e., gas volatilization) and air to soil transfer (i.e., gas absorption, dry deposition, and wet deposition) processes were also compared. All processes were comparable for 14 PAHs however their input was dominated by gas absorption. Gas absorption dominated for lower molecular weight PAHs, however dry deposition dominated for higher molecular weight PAHs. The results have suggested that for fluorene, soil and air may be approaching a steady state condition. For the remaining compounds, there was a net accumulation into the soil.

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Section: Ambient Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Ambient Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 90%

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Demircioglu

Sofuoğlu

Odabaşı

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Physico-chemical behavior of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been extensively investigated in most cities worldwide during the past few years (Dachs et al, 2002;Bartkow et al, 2004;Ciganek et al, 2004;Dallarosa et al, 2005a, b;Fang et al, 2005;Schnelle-Kreis et al, 2005;Pongpiachan, 2006;Wang et al, 2006;Vasilakos et al, 2007;Pongpiachan, 2013a, b;Pongpiachan et al, 2013a, b). PAHs are a group of organic compounds that are generated during the incomplete burning of lignite (Liu et al, 2012), fuels (Lu et al, 2012), volcanic eruption (Schwandner et al, 2013), biomass (Sanchis et al, 2014), garbage (Chen et al, 2013), or other organic substances, such as tobacco (Chalbot et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk of PM2.5 Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) before and after the Wildland Fire Episode

Pongpiachan

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In Northern Thailand, wildland fire during cold period releases large amounts of smoke and fine particles into the atmosphere. The fine particles include several persistent organic compounds such as PAHs. In this study, PM 2.5 -bound PAH concentrations in the air of nine administrative provinces, namely Chiang-Mai, Chiang-Rai, Nan, Phayao, Mae Hong Son, Phrae, Lampang, Lamphun, Uttaradit (N Thailand) were determined during the wildland fire and non-wildland fire seasons. The monitoring strategy comprised two campaigns in each season. PM 2.5 was collected using MiniVolTM portable air samplers (Airmetrics) with quartz fibre filters. Both PAHs and their B[a]P Equivalent concentrations of other urban cities around the world were significantly higher than those of northern provinces for both seasons. The average cancer risks observed at nine administrative provinces were 8.525 × 10 -4 ± 3.493 × 10 -3 and 2.558 × 10 -3 ± 6.986 × 10 -3 for ingestion rate of 50 and 100 mg day -1 , respectively. The excess cancer risks of world cities for ingestion rate of 50 and 100 mg day -1 were much higher than those of Northern Thailand for 851 and 567 times in that order. Dust ingestion was exceedingly critical to non-dietary PAH exposure in comparison with PM 2.5 inhalation. These results are in good agreement with those of previous studies, underlining the significance of indoor air quality on long-term adverse respiratory diseases in Asian cities.

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“…Atmospheric levels of PAHs have been widely measured around the world [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Despite their environmental relevance, only a few studies have been conducted in Turkey on the atmospheric PAH levels [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Concentrations and Phase Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Izmir, Turkey

Demircioglu

Sofuoğlu

Odabaşı

2011

Clean Soil Air Water

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Ambient air polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) samples were collected at a suburban (n ¼ 63) and at an urban site (n ¼ 14) in Izmir, Turkey. Average gas-phase total PAH ( P 14 PAH) concentrations were 23.5 ng m À3 for suburban and 109.7 ng m À3 for urban sites while average particle-phase total PAH concentrations were 12.3 and 34.5 ng m À3 for suburban and urban sites, respectively. Higher ambient PAH concentrations were measured in the gas-phase and P 14 PAH concentrations were dominated by lower molecular weight PAHs. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the meteorological parameters were effective on ambient PAH concentrations. Emission sources of particle-phase PAHs were investigated using a diagnostic plot of fluorene (FLN)/ (fluorine þ pyrene; PY) versus indeno[1,2,3-cd]PY/(indeno[1,2,3-cd]PY þ benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and several diagnostic ratios. These approaches have indicated that traffic emissions (petroleum combustion) were the dominant PAH sources at both sites for summer and winter seasons. Experimental gas-particle partition coefficients (K P ) were compared to the predictions of octanol-air (K OA ) and soot-air (K SA ) partition coefficient models. The correlations between experimental and modeled K P values were significant (r 2 ¼ 0.79 and 0.94 for suburban and urban sites, respectively, p < 0.01). Octanol-based absorptive partitioning model predicted lower partition coefficients especially for relatively volatile PAHs. However, overall there was a relatively good agreement between the measured K P and soot-based model predictions.

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Processes driving the short-term variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Baltimore and northern Chesapeake Bay atmosphere, USA

Cited by 77 publications

References 38 publications

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk of PM2.5 Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) before and after the Wildland Fire Episode

Atmospheric Concentrations and Phase Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Izmir, Turkey

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