Processes and Equipment for Chemical and Oil-Gas Production

Abstract

The paper is devoted to hydrodynamic and mass-exchange investigations of a new type of combined unit. It sheds light upon results garnered from investigation of the structure of the foam layer, and criterial equations are derived for determination of the height of the foam layer, the mass-yield efficiency in the gaseous phase, and the hydraulic resistance of the unit.The Moscow State University of Engineering Ecology (MGUIE) is developing an original design of combined unit with two phase-contact zones (Patent RU 02377050 C1). The unit is being developed for the treatment and cooling of gas, and for condensation of viscous impurities from the gas.The heat and mass exchanger under development ( Fig. 1) has a cylindrical housing. The flushing liquid is fed into the upper portion of the unit, and distributed over the entire section, while the gas is admitted to the lower part as a countercurrent to the liquid. Owing to characteristic features of its design, this unit provides for a high specific gas-liquid contact surface to reduce deposition of contaminating impurities on this surface.Falling onto a film sprinkler, the flushing liquid fed into the unit creates a film, which effectively separates the passing gas from splash-away and contaminating particles. The flushing liquid is discharged via gravity flow through a lower branch pipe.The gas is admitted to the volume of flushing liquid accumulating in the lower portion of the unit, and forms a bubbling layer.The height and structure of the bubbling layer obtained was of primary interest in studying the hydrodynamics of the combined unit. Three operating regimes became apparent based on the structure of the layer. The initial and transitional regimes are of no practical value due to the absence of a stable developed bubbling layer. Continued investigations were therefore conducted on gas velocities over and above 0.5 m/sec in the columns, which stabilized the operating regime within the unit.The upper boundary of the load with respect to the gas velocity in the column should not exceed 0.9 m/sec [1], since when this boundary is surpassed, the transitional operating regime of the film sets in, and it will readjust effectively to function as a separator.

The use of industrial wastes from machine-building enterprises as packing materials for small-sized absorbers for gas emissions purification

“…The selection of well-known and the creation of new contact packing devices for technological mass transfer equipment is always associated with the need to evaluate their effectiveness for the conditions of a particular process. Work on improving mass transfer contact devices has been very active, and this has been the subject of numerous studies by many leading scientists [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The main tasks that contact mass transfer devices are designed for are developing the inter phase surface and implementing the developed hydromechanical regimes providing mutual mixing and activation of diffusion processes between the contacting components of mass transfer processes.…”