Processed soybean meal as an alternative protein source for yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ) feed

Abstract

The goal of this study was to compare conventional soybean meal (SBM) with modified SBM (MSBM) after chemical and enzyme pretreatment to potentially reduce the antinutritional factors (ANF), as a fishmeal (FM) replacer at 50% or 100% in the diets of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Half of the SBM and MSBM diets contained an enzyme cocktail (of phytase and carbohydrate‐degrading enzyme), and the other half received no enzyme supplementations. Fingerlings (297; initial weight, 11.01 ± 0.19 g) were randomly distributed over nine treatments, in triplicate, and fed these isonitrogenous diets (crude protein 410 g/kg) that included replacing FM with SBM at 50% or 100% without or with enzyme supplementations (S50, S100, S50+E or S100+E, respectively), MSMB at 50% or 100% without or with enzyme supplementations (MS50, MS100, MS50+E or MS100+E, respectively) or a control FM‐based diet. After 10 weeks, the growth performance, feeding efficiencies, proximate composition, intestinal/pyloric caeca digestive enzymes and liver metabolic/antioxidant enzymes in P. flavescens were measured. The highest (p < 0.05) growth performance and nutrient utilization parameters (protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value, PPV) were observed for the MS50+E group, which was not statistically different to parameters for the control and MS50 groups, and significantly (p < 0.05) higher than all other groups. The lowest and highest growth performance and feed conversion ratios, respectively, were observed in the S100, S100+E and MS100 groups. The highest protease activity (in both intestine and pyloric caeca) was observed for the control group, but was significantly similar to MS50, MS50+E and S50+E groups. The lowest value was observed for 100% replacement of FM protein by SBM and MSBM fed groups. However, inclusion of exogenous enzymes in feed showed positive effects in MS50+E (compared to MS50) for PPV, lipid productive value and amylase activity in the intestine. Activity of protein metabolism enzymes (i.e., alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase) in the liver was the highest in the control group, which was similar (p < 0.05) to the MS50+E and MS50 groups. Antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the liver were the lowest in the control group, which was significantly similar (p < 0.05) to the group given the feed with 50% replacement of FM protein. Complete (100%) replacement of FM protein exhibited the highest antioxidant enzyme activity. Conclusively, performance of the MS50 and MS50+E groups was similar to the FM group and better than SBM group; therefore, MSBM with high protein and low ANFs has considerable potential as an alternative to FM in aquafeed.

Feasibility of superworm, Zophobas morio , meal as a partial fishmeal replacer in fingerling rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , diet: growth performance, amino acid profile, proteolytic enzymes activity and pigmentation

“…The ideal efficient protein synthesis needs adequate availability of entire indispensable amino acids. The non‐adjusted amino acid content in the diet caused elevated protein degeneration and whereby enhanced turnover of the protein (Kumar et al, 2019; Martin et al, 2003). However, in our study, the concentration of amino acids in fingerling rainbow trout diet slightly exceeded the fish requirements (Based on NRC, 2011).…”

The Potential Impacts of Soy Protein on Fish Gut Health

“…Soybean meal (SBM) is one of the most commonly used alternative plant-based ingredients to replace marine derived fishmeal (FM) in aquafeed. Relatively, high protein content and favorable amino acid profile of SBM approaches the nutritional requirement of many cultured species [1][2][3][4]. In carnivorous fish species almost 20-40% fishmeal protein can be replaced by SBM protein without compromising growth, feed utilization performances, and gut health [5].…”

“…It is also well documented that high dietary soy protein inclusion resulted in lower feed intake, reduced weight gain, morphological changes of distal intestinal epithelium, and abnormal health condition of fish [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The challenges behind the high inclusion of soy protein in aquafeed includes the limiting amino acids methionine, presence of high carbohydrate level which negatively influences mainly carnivorous species, and the presence of different antinutritional factors (ANFs) [1][2][3]. To overcome the challenges, several techniques have been attempted viz.…”

Partial replacement of fishmeal with corn protein concentrate in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effects on growth performance, physiometabolic responses, and fillet quality

“…In this regard, Bu et al (2018) advocated that the activity of pepsin in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis was notable decreased when fishmeal replaced with more than 50% CGM in the diet. Similarly, Kumar et al (2019) and Francis, Makkar, and Becker (2001) suggested that plant proteins can be age, diet formulation and nutritional strategy (Yiğit et al, 2012).…”