Processed Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Pod Husks in Rabbits Diet: Effect on Haematological and Serum Biochemical Indices

Adeyeye, S. A.; Agbede, J. O.; Aletor, V. A.; Oloruntola, Olugbenga David

doi:10.9734/ajaar/2017/36141

Cited by 13 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…This study was carried out after all the animal experimental protocols were approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, The Federal College of Agriculture, Akure (FCAA), Nigeria. The experiment was conducted at the Avian Experimental Unit of The Teaching and Research Farm, FCAA (Adeyeye et al 2017). The feeding trial was conducted during the peak of the dry season in the study area (i.e.…”

Section: Ethical Approval and Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem of low animal protein intake (8-15 g per day) in most African and Pacific countries (Ogunsipe et al 2017b) has been associated with rise in cost of animal protein beyond the affordable level by the people in these regions (Oloruntola et al 2016). The increase in price of conventional feed ingredients constitutes the primary cause of the rise in animal feed production cost and the subsequent observed high and unaffordable cost of animal protein (Adeyeye et al 2017). According to Nworgu et al (1999), feeding cost covers between 60 to 70% of the total production cost of monogastric animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Nworgu et al (1999), feeding cost covers between 60 to 70% of the total production cost of monogastric animals. Therefore, replacement of one or more of the major conventional feed ingredients with cheap and available non-conventional feed ingredients will have reducing effects on animal feed production cost (Adeyeye et al 2017). The use of agro-wastes such as cassava peels and cocoa bean shell in monogastric animal production was reported (Egbunike et al 2009;Ogunsipe et al 2017aOgunsipe et al , 2017bOloruntola et al 2018aOloruntola et al , 2018b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cocoa pod husk is a typical under-utilized agro-waste from the commercial cocoa farm, which could provide nutritional benefits to monogastric animal production (Adeyeye et al 2017). Cocoa pod husk forms about 70% (w/w) of the whole mature cocoa fruit; has low crude protein (9.14%), high crude fibre (35.78%) (Eghosa et al 2010) and anti-nutritional factors such as threobromine (2.64%); and has tannin (0.91%), caffeine (1.14%) and high fibre (Adeyeye et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, various treatments such as fermentation (Alemawor et al 2009;Oloruntola et al 2015), ash treatment (Adamafio et al 2004), enzyme supplementation (Oloruntola et al 2018b(Oloruntola et al , 2018c), soaking and sun-drying (Adebowale 1985;Okeeke et al 1985) among others have been used to improve the nutritive value of agro-waste. In particular, combination of ash treatment with fermentation was also reported to improve the nutritive values of cocoa pod husk meal and its suitability in monogastric animal production (Adeyeye et al 2017). Dietary inclusion of processed cocoa pod husk meal up to 150 g/kg was reported to support normal growth performance, carcass traits and relative internal organ weights in the rabbits (Adeyeye et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processed cocoa pod husk dietary inclusion: effects on the performance, carcass, haematogram, biochemical indices, antioxidant enzyme and histology of the liver and kidney in broiler chicken

et al. 2019

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Background: In a 42-day feeding trial, the effects of processed cocoa pod husk (PCHM) inclusion in a broiler chicken diet were assessed. Methods: This experiment was conducted between December 2017 and January 2018. Cocoa pod husk was collected and processed by ash treatment and rumen liquor fermentation to form a processed cocoa pod husk (PCHM). Three experimental diets were formulated at both the starter and finisher phases, in which PCHM was included at 0, 4 and 8% and designated as diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively. One hundred and eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments (10 birds/replicate; 60 birds/treatment) in a completely randomized design. The growth performance, carcass, relative internal organ weights and haematobiochemical indices were determined. Histological examination of the liver and heart samples was also determined. Results: The PCHM inclusion did not affect (P > 0.05) the performance characteristics of the broiler chicks, except for the feed intake that significantly (P < 0.05) increased in birds fed 8% of PCHM-inclusive diet at the starter phase. The carcass traits, relative internal organ weights, haematological indices and serum biochemical indices of the broiler chickens were similar (P > 0.05) across the dietary treatments. The serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed PCHM-inclusive diets compared to those fed the control diet. Similar histological myocardiac cell appearances were observed among the birds across the various dietary treatments. Sections show the myocardium composed of the cardiac muscle with peripherally placed nucleus separated by a defined interstitium that is free of inflammatory cells and collections. In the birds fed diet 2 and 3, histological variations observed were marked vascular congestion and perivascular inflammatory cells infiltrations in the hepatic tissue and marked infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells around the vessels and activation of hepatic macrophage: Kupffer cells. Conclusion: Dietary PCHM inclusion up to 8% supports the performance, stability of haemato-biochemical indices and improved antioxidant status of the broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Histological changes were observed in the broiler chicken liver.

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Section: Ethical Approval and Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processed cocoa pod husk dietary inclusion: effects on the performance, carcass, haematogram, biochemical indices, antioxidant enzyme and histology of the liver and kidney in broiler chicken

et al. 2019

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Utilization of Processed Kola Nut Husk Meal in Poultry Production: Effects on The Performance, Carcass, Biochemical Indicators, and Antioxidant Enzymes of Broiler Chickens

Oloruntola

2022

Waste Biomass Valor

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This study looked at the effects of processed kola nut husks meal (PKHM) utilization as a feed ingredient on broiler chicken in a 42-day feeding trial. Kola nut pod husks were processed into a PKHM using ash treatment and rumen liquor fermentation. Three experimental diets were developed at both the starter and nisher phases, with PKHM included at 0, 4, and 8%, and dubbed diets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In a fully randomised design, 240 Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to three treatments (10 birds per replicate). Except for the signi cantly improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens fed diets 2 and 3 at the grower phase (22-42 days) and overall (0-42 days), the performance indices were not signi cantly (P>0.05) affected by PKHM dietary inclusion. Broiler chicken carcass characteristics and relative internal organ weights remained constant (P>0.05) through diets. The serum glutathione concentration in broiler chickens fed an 8 percent PKHM inclusive diet increased signi cantly (P<0.05) than those on the control diet and 4 percent PKHM inclusive diet. When broiler chickens fed an 8 percent PKHM inclusive diet were compared to those fed a control diet, the serum catalase concentration was signi cantly higher (P<0.05). The total serum protein, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transferase, and cholesterol levels remained constant (P>0.05) regardless of dietary treatment. Dietary PKHM inclusion of up to 8% enhanced improved feed e ciency and increased antioxidant enzyme concentration and did not affect the serum biochemical indices concentration. Statement of NoveltyKola nut husk is one of the agro-wastes that contributes to environmental deterioration due to its underutilization. The kola nut husk is underutilised in broiler production due to its chemical constitution, minimal nutritional value, and poor digestion. In this research, kola nut husk meal was ash treated and rumen liquor fermented before being integrated at varying levels in the experimental diets and the performance characteristics, antioxidant status, serum protein, enzymes and biochemical were evaluated.The ndings of this study could aid in the development of an agro-waste-based, low-cost functional feed for broiler chicks that incorporates the underutilised kola nut husk and other abundant agrowastes as macro-ingredients.

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Cocoa: Beyond chocolate, a promising material for potential value-added products

Gutiérrez-Macías

Mirón-Mérida

Rodríguez-Nava

et al. 2021

Valorization of Agri-Food Wastes and by-Products

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Processed Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Pod Husks in Rabbits Diet: Effect on Haematological and Serum Biochemical Indices

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Processed cocoa pod husk dietary inclusion: effects on the performance, carcass, haematogram, biochemical indices, antioxidant enzyme and histology of the liver and kidney in broiler chicken

Processed cocoa pod husk dietary inclusion: effects on the performance, carcass, haematogram, biochemical indices, antioxidant enzyme and histology of the liver and kidney in broiler chicken

Utilization of Processed Kola Nut Husk Meal in Poultry Production: Effects on The Performance, Carcass, Biochemical Indicators, and Antioxidant Enzymes of Broiler Chickens

Cocoa: Beyond chocolate, a promising material for potential value-added products

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