Process variables optimization for multiple responses in SPIF of titanium using Taguchi-GRA

Abstract

In the modern era, titanium has gained global acceptance as a key material for innovative and 
significant applications in numerous industrial sectors, including aerospace, medical, automotive, 
and many more. In this work, optimization of process variables in Single Point Incremental 
Forming (SPIF) of titanium has been done using Taguchi-grey relational analysis to attain 
simultaneously: improved geometrical accuracy and maximum microhardness in the formed 
parts of conical shape. The input parameters elected were step size (SS), feed rate (FEED), and 
tool rotation speed (TRPM) to explore their effects on geometrical accuracy (roundness and concentricity) and microhardness. 
Among the parameter levels considered in this work, 0.2 mm SS, 800 mm/min FEED, and 
TRPM of 600 have been recognized as the optimal setting. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 
tests have been conducted to quantify the significance of SPIF parameters on the responses. The 
SS was revealed as the most influencing parameter, followed by FEED, and TRPM was the least 
significant parameter for the desired responses. The results of confirmation experiments have 
shown good agreement with predicted values of responses attained in Taguchi-Grey Relational 
Analysis.