Process sensitivity studies of the Westinghouse Sulfur Cycle for hydrogen generation☆

Carty, R.H.; Cox, K.E.; Funk, James E.; Soliman, M.A.; Conger, W. L.; Brecher, L.E.; Spewock, S.

doi:10.1016/0360-3199(77)90062-3

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Among the different thermochemical water splitting cycles proposed for green hydrogen production, the hybrid sulfur (HyS) cycle, developed by Westinghouse Electric Company in the 1970s, is of great interest, as the theoretical voltage is 0.16 V compared with the 1.21 V for traditional water electrolysis [11]. This process comprises three main steps: (i) sulfuric acid catalytic decomposition in a high-temperature reactor to produce SO 2 and O 2 , (ii) a SO 2 and O 2 separation process, and (iii) a SO 2 -depolarized electrolysis for the production of hydrogen [9,12] (Equations ( 1) and ( 2)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of PBI/Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for the SO2 Depolarized Electrolysis at High Temperature

et al. 2022

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In this work, polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes with different graphene oxide (GO) contents (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt %) as organic filler have been prepared. The X-ray diffraction confirms the incorporation of the filler into the polymeric membrane. The composite GO-based PBI membranes show better proton conductivity at high temperature (110–170 °C) than the pristine one. Moreover, the hydrophobicity of the PBI membranes is also improved, enhancing water management. The chemical stability demonstrates the benefit of the incorporation of GO in the PBI matrix. What is more, the composite PBI-based membranes show better phosphoric acid retention capability. For the first time, the results of the SO2-depolarized electrolysis for hydrogen production at high temperature (130 °C) using phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes with the different GO contents are shown. The benefit of the organic filler is demonstrated, as H2SO4 production is 1.5 times higher when the membrane with a content of 1 wt % of GO is used. Moreover, three times more hydrogen is produced with the membrane containing 2 wt % of GO compared with the non-modified membrane. The obtained results are very promising and provide open research for this kind of composite membranes for green hydrogen production by the Westinghouse cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of PBI/Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for the SO2 Depolarized Electrolysis at High Temperature

et al. 2022

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“…In the sensitivity studies carried out by Carty et al (1977), the optimal process conditions for the high-temperature step of the HyS cycle were analyzed to be T = 1,144 K, the acid concentration post the electrolyzer 65-85 wt% and the SO 3 decomposition pressure 75-150 psia. Besides of the studies carried out in the USA, the Jülich Nuclear Research Center in Germany studied the HyS process (Struck et al 1980).…”

Section: The Hybrid Sulfur (Hys) Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel process concept for the production of H2 and H2SO4 by SO2-depolarized electrolysis

Lokkiluoto

Taskinen

Gasik

et al. 2012

Environ Dev Sustain

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Outotec open cycle (OOC) is a new low-energy process linking together production of hydrogen and sulfuric acid. While sulfuric acid is the world's most widely produced chemical by mass at approximately 200 Mt/a, the OOC gives the potential for making 4 Mt/a of hydrogen gas as a by-product. H 2 SO 4 manufacture requires a source of sulfur dioxide. 30% of world production of H 2 SO 4 is from the SO 2 by-product of pyrometallurgical processing of sulfur containing concentrates of metals such as copper, nickel and zinc. SO 2 can also be made by direct combustion of sulfur. In OOC, a divided electrochemical cell is used for SO 2 -depolarized electrolysis of water. SO 2 is fed to the anolyte and converted to H 2 SO 4 , while hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode. On the industrial scale, the equipment will be in the form of a membrane electrolyzer assembly or stack. A case is described where the OOC would be connected to a pyrometallurgical plant smelting 1 Mt/a of nickel and copper concentrate, producing 1 Mt/a of H 2 SO 4 and 20 kt/a of hydrogen.

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“…It has shown that the chemical reactions of the cycle proceed at acceptable rates and without the occurrence of side reactions. Product separations are simple and no reaction reversals occur [7,9]. Recently, Westinghouse resumed research on the sulfur process [10,11].…”

Section: Description Of the Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exergoeconomic estimates for a novel zero-emission process generating hydrogen and electric power

Tsatsaronis¹,

Kapanke²,

Blanco-Marigorta³

2008

Energy

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Process sensitivity studies of the Westinghouse Sulfur Cycle for hydrogen generation☆

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of PBI/Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for the SO2 Depolarized Electrolysis at High Temperature

Characterization of PBI/Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for the SO2 Depolarized Electrolysis at High Temperature

Novel process concept for the production of H2 and H2SO4 by SO2-depolarized electrolysis

Exergoeconomic estimates for a novel zero-emission process generating hydrogen and electric power

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