“…The most upper order full-car model reported in literatures is the 14 DOF model which can predict the vehicle pitch and heave motions [11,12], but cannot model the relative longitudinal motions between the body and wheels. While a few MBD approaches have been reported to simulate the compliance [13], it is difficult to find an analytical full-car model in the reported literatures which takes into account the effect of the suspension longitudinal compliance. For the aforementioned motivation of this study, an 18 DOF full-car vehicle model is proposed.…”
To absorb the vibrations and shocks caused by road obstacles effectively in any direction within the wheel rotation plane, a planar suspension system (PSS), in which there are spring-damper struts in both the vertical and longitudinal directions, is proposed to improve the ride quality of a vehicle with such novel suspension systems. The longitudinal spring-damper strut in a PSS is considerably soft compared with the longitudinal connection in a conventional suspension. Consequently, the wheels in a vehicle with PSS can move forth and back with respect to the body. The dynamic behaviours of a PSS vehicle under some special conditions, such as a differential braking in which the braking torque applied to the wheels at two sides of an axle are uneven, may exhibit special characteristics. The directional stability of the PSS vehicle in such a case may be one of the major concerns. The dynamic performance of the PSS vehicle in the differential braking condition is thus necessary to be investigated. This paper presents the investigation results of the transient response of a vehicle with the PSS in such a case. The simulation results are also compared with those of a similar vehicle with conventional suspensions. The study demonstrates that the PSS vehicle is directionally stable in differential braking conditions. The dynamic behaviour of the PSS vehicle is generally comparable with that of a conventional vehicle.
“…The most upper order full-car model reported in literatures is the 14 DOF model which can predict the vehicle pitch and heave motions [11,12], but cannot model the relative longitudinal motions between the body and wheels. While a few MBD approaches have been reported to simulate the compliance [13], it is difficult to find an analytical full-car model in the reported literatures which takes into account the effect of the suspension longitudinal compliance. For the aforementioned motivation of this study, an 18 DOF full-car vehicle model is proposed.…”
To absorb the vibrations and shocks caused by road obstacles effectively in any direction within the wheel rotation plane, a planar suspension system (PSS), in which there are spring-damper struts in both the vertical and longitudinal directions, is proposed to improve the ride quality of a vehicle with such novel suspension systems. The longitudinal spring-damper strut in a PSS is considerably soft compared with the longitudinal connection in a conventional suspension. Consequently, the wheels in a vehicle with PSS can move forth and back with respect to the body. The dynamic behaviours of a PSS vehicle under some special conditions, such as a differential braking in which the braking torque applied to the wheels at two sides of an axle are uneven, may exhibit special characteristics. The directional stability of the PSS vehicle in such a case may be one of the major concerns. The dynamic performance of the PSS vehicle in the differential braking condition is thus necessary to be investigated. This paper presents the investigation results of the transient response of a vehicle with the PSS in such a case. The simulation results are also compared with those of a similar vehicle with conventional suspensions. The study demonstrates that the PSS vehicle is directionally stable in differential braking conditions. The dynamic behaviour of the PSS vehicle is generally comparable with that of a conventional vehicle.
“…It is necessary to mention that such models should be prepared for this procedure (by the use of the model reduction process [9]) because some elements of the model are not supported by a translator due to the real-time requirements. In the case of VI-grade products [10,11], VI-Car RealTime was used for the real-time simulation.…”
The design of mechatronic systems of rail vehicles requires performing verification and validation in the real-time mode. One useful validation instrument is the application of software-in-the-loop, hardware-in-the-loop or processor-in-the-loop simulation approaches. All of these approaches require development of a real-time model of the physical system. In this paper, the investigation of the usage of the model of the locomotive's bogie test rig created in Gensys multibody software has been performed and the calculation time for each time step has been analysed. The verification of the possibility of the usage of such an approach for real-time simulation has been made by means of a simple data transferring process between Gensys and Simulink through the TCP/IP interface. The limitations and further development issues for the proposed approach have been discussed in this paper.
“…The actual model integration and calculation can then be executed in co-simulation (see further), or the system equations of one model can be embedded in those of the other model [22][23][24][25]. This situation is characteristic for applications such as vehicle dynamics, internal engine dynamics, aircraft control surfaces, satellite antennas, etc.…”
Section: Engineering Challenges For Mechatronic Vehicle Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One may embed state equations with a description of the plant system (e.g. MBS or 1D model) into these of the control (or vice versa) to enable the use of one solver, or adopt a true co-simulation approach where each system part runs its own solver [22][23][24][25]. Figure 6 shows a summary of various approaches for the case of an MBS and a CACE (computer aided control engineering) model.…”
Section: Connecting Multi-physics System Engineering To Controls Engimentioning
The product race has become an innovation race, reconciling challenges of branding, performance, time to market and competitive pricing while complying with ecological, safety and legislation constraints. The answer lies in ''smart'' products of high complexity, relying on heterogeneous technologies and involving active components. To keep pace with this evolution and further accelerate the design cycle, the design engineering process must be rethought. The paper presents a mechatronic simulation approach to achieve this goal. The starting point is the current virtual prototyping paradigm that is widely adopted and that continues to improve in terms of model complexity, accuracy, robustness and automated optimization. Two evolutions are discussed. A first one is the extension to multi-physics simulation answering the design needs of the inherent multi-disciplinarity of ''intelligent'' products. Integration of thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, haptic and electrical functions requires simulation to extend beyond the traditional CAD-FEM approach, supporting the use of system, functional and perception models. The second evolution is the integration of control functions in the products. Where current industrial practice treats mechanical system design and control design as different design loops, this paper discusses their integration in a modelbased design process at all design stages, turning concepts such as software-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop into basic elements of an industrial design approach. These concepts are illustrated by a number of automotive design engineering cases, which demonstrate that the combined use of perception, geometric and system models allows to develop innovative solutions for the active safety, lowemission and high-comfort performance of next-generation vehicles. This process in turn poses new challenges to the design in terms of the specification and validation of such innovative products, including their failure modes and fault-tolerant behaviour. This will imply adopting a modelbased system engineering approach that is currently already common practice in software engineering.
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