Process response of Inconel 718 to wire + arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer

Mechanical Performance of ER70S-6 Low-Carbon Steel Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

“…The heat input during welding is significantly reduced and coupled with precise droplet deposition, hence leading to reduced weld pool dimensions and spatters. The feasibility of CMT-WAAM processes has also been demonstrated by researchers using Inconel 718 superalloy and Al-6Mg alloy as feedstock materials [6,7]. ER70S-6 steel is a well-known low-carbon steel with excellent welding properties and its WAAM formability has been reported by different research groups [8][9][10][11].…”

Properties of Additively Manufactured Deposits of Alloy 718 Using CMT Process Depending on Wire Batch and Shielding Gas

“…Ni-alloys have a high cost and are difficult to machine, with main reasons being their high temperature resistance, high initial work hardening rate, and presence of carbides in the microstructure [3]. Therefore, additive manufacturing (AM) techniques could result in cost, weight, and machining savings for a wide range of applications using Alloy 718 [4]. The AM with wire-based arc processes (WAAM®) offers the possibility of producing small and large-volume components of low and medium complexity at high deposition rates.…”

“…An aging effect was observed, which caused precipitation of the γ″ and γ 0 strengthening phases and the δ phase. The highest hardness value was measured in the middle section of each deposit due to precipitation of the strengthening phases [4] investigates the effects of processing parameters and heat treatments employed on CMT-WAAM® of Alloy 718. The process stability was analyzed by electrical transients and melt pool imaging, showing an opposite trend to the measured heat inputs.…”

Effect of heat input on mechanical and microstructural properties of Inconel 625 depositions processed in wire arc additive manufacturing

“…Laser assisted deposition of Inconel 625 [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] have been investigated on a friction stir based solid state additive manufacturing process and very few have reported on welding based technologies. [18][19][20][21][22][23] Shuai et al 4 studied the microstructural changes in selective laser melting (SLM) processed samples and the authors observed elongated, columnar grains in fabricated samples while rectangular and equiaxed grains after heat treatment. Huebner et al 5 have studied the microstructure formations in Inconel 625 -WC metal matrix composite in the laser cladding process with a weight percentage of 20 and 30 of WC.…”

“…The observations reveal that austenitic dendrites were formed in the microstructure and also found that anisotropy is less in the deposited multi bead walls. Kindermann et al 23 studied the process stability of WAAM made superalloy Inconel 718 with minimal heat input. Micro segregations and laves phases were observed in the microstructural examinations.…”