Process Phenomena and Material Properties in Selective Laser Sintering of Polymers: A Review

Lupone, Federico; Padovano, Elisa; Casamento, Francesco; Badini, Claudio Francesco

doi:10.3390/ma15010183

Cited by 90 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…In SLS, a laser beam melts the raw material, which is a powder form. The process has great ability to make end products for most industrial applications due to its build accuracy, high productivity for customized and complex-shaped things, and strong mechanical qualities [ 38 ]. For this reason, it has been used in several industrial and scientific fields, from prototypes to the fabrication of spare parts and small series in automotive and aerospace fields, to customized prostheses for biomedical applications [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable Biocidal Ultraviolet Cured Cuprous Oxide Filled Vat Photopolymerization Resin Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties

et al. 2022

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In this study, Cuprous Oxide (Cu2O), known for its mechanism against bacteria, was used as filler to induce biocidal properties on a common commercial resin stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing resin. The aim was to develop nanocomposites suitable for the SLA process with a low-cost process that mimic host defense peptides (HDPs). Such materials have a huge economic and societal influence on the global technological war on illness and exploiting 3D printing characteristics is an additional asset for these materials. Their mechanical performance was also investigated with tensile, flexural, Charpy’s impact, and Vickers microhardness tests. Morphological analysis was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, while the thermal behavior was studied through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The antibacterial activity of the fabricated nanocomposites was investigated using a screening agar well diffusion method, for a gram-negative and a gram-positive bacterium. Three-dimensional printed nanocomposites exhibited antibacterial performance in all loadings studied, while their mechanical enhancement was approximately 20% even at low filler loadings, revealing a multi-functional performance and a potential of Cuprous Oxide implementation in SLA resin matrices for engineering and medical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable Biocidal Ultraviolet Cured Cuprous Oxide Filled Vat Photopolymerization Resin Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties

et al. 2022

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“…The fusion of the particles occurs on very short timescales in the order of seconds, which considerably limits the formation of entanglements, which follows the well-known reptation mechanism. Here, as the temperature of the bed is lower than the melting temperature of the polymeric material, diffusion is restrained by the molecular arrest of the polymer chains [ 65 ].…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing Techniques Used For Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Polyolefins

2022

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Polyolefins are semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymers known for their good mechanical properties, low production cost, and chemical resistance. They are amongst the most commonly used plastics, and many polyolefin grades are regarded as engineering polymers. The two main additive manufacturing techniques that can be used to fabricate 3D-printed parts are fused filament fabrication and selective laser sintering. Polyolefins, like polypropylene and polyethylene, can, in principle, be processed with both these techniques. However, the semi-crystalline nature of polyolefins adds complexity to the use of additive manufacturing methods compared to amorphous polymers. First, the crystallization process results in severe shrinkage upon cooling, while the processing temperature and cooling rate affect the mechanical properties and mesoscopic structure of the fabricated parts. In addition, for ultra-high-molecular weight polyolefins, limited chain diffusion is a major obstacle to achieving proper adhesion between adjunct layers. Finally, polyolefins are typically apolar polymers, which reduces the adhesion of the 3D-printed part to the substrate. Notwithstanding these difficulties, it is clear that the successful processing of polyolefins via additive manufacturing techniques would enable the fabrication of high-end engineering products with enormous design flexibility. In addition, additive manufacturing could be utilized for the increased recycling of plastics. This manuscript reviews the work that has been conducted in developing experimental protocols for the additive manufacturing of polyolefins, presenting a comparison between the different approaches with a focus on the use of polyethylene and polypropylene grades. This review is concluded with an outlook for future research to overcome the current challenges that impede the addition of polyolefins to the standard palette of materials processed through additive manufacturing.

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“…Gajera et al [113] identified laser power, scanning speed, layer thickness and hatch spacing as the most important process parameters in the DMLS manufacturing in terms of their effect on the mechanical and physical properties of built parts. Thomas et al [114] identified fifty key process parameters in SLM, clustered in the four categories of laser scanning parameters, material properties of the powder, powder bed and recoater parameters and built environment parameters.…”

Section: Manufacturing and Synthesis Of The Nano Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticulate reinforced composites and their application to additively manufactured TI6AL4V for use in the aerospace sector

2022

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Metal matrix composites possess good mechanical properties at high temperatures making them good candidates for components that operate in conditions of high temperatures where they have to withstand static creep and cyclic fatigue loads. The mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V including hardness, strength, modulus of elasticity, and wear resistance can be enhanced with nano particulates to obtain lighter and stronger materials that can function at elevated temperatures. This paper starts with a brief background on composite materials and then turns to analysis of carbon nanotubes, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, titanium boride, titanium diboride, and titanium nitride nano particulate materials as candidates for the reinforcement for Ti6Al4V to form composites for aerospace applications. Based on a comparison of their physical properties of melting point, coefficient of thermal expansion, density and mechanical properties of strength, Young's modulus and hardness all obtained from literature, the paper narrows down on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and titanium diboride as the preferred nano composites for this use. Presently, experimental work is under way to determine optimum process parameters for additively built carbon nanotube/Ti6Al4V composites that will be used to build three-dimensional specimens for testing to determine their mechanical properties. This is expected to clarify the value of incorporating the carbon nanotubes in the Ti6Al4V matrix with respect to selected mechanical properties. Future work is envisaged on additively build titanium diboride/Ti6Al4V composites to the same end and in order to determine which of the two nano particles is best in enhancing the mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V.

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Process Phenomena and Material Properties in Selective Laser Sintering of Polymers: A Review

Cited by 90 publications

References 125 publications

Affordable Biocidal Ultraviolet Cured Cuprous Oxide Filled Vat Photopolymerization Resin Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties

Affordable Biocidal Ultraviolet Cured Cuprous Oxide Filled Vat Photopolymerization Resin Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties

Additive Manufacturing of Polyolefins

Nanoparticulate reinforced composites and their application to additively manufactured TI6AL4V for use in the aerospace sector

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