Process Parameters Effect on Weld Beads Geometry Deposited by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Manokruang, Supasit; Vignat, Frédéric; Museau, Matthieu; Limousin, Maxime

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_3

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In general, these recommendations coincide with the recommendations reported elsewhere [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] regarding the machining of workpieces obtained from metal materials via the use of additive technologies. The authors of the above-listed works devoted to printing the workpieces made from heat-resistant alloys and steels also recommend using a carbide tool (mills, cutters) for machining.…”

Section: Study Of Cutting Forces When Machining the Samplessupporting

confidence: 86%

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Production of Workpieces from Martensitic Stainless Steel Using Electron-Beam Surfacing and Investigation of Cutting Forces When Milling Workpieces

Martyushev

Kozlov

et al. 2023

Materials

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The aim of this study was to investigate cutting force when milling 40 × 13 stainless steel samples obtained via electron-beam surfacing. The samples were obtained by surfacing the wire made from the martensitic 40 × 13 stainless steel. The microstructure of the samples and the hardness are discussed in the present study. Emphasis is placed on the study of cutting forces when handling the samples. The structure of the samples obtained by electron-beam surfacing consisted of tempered martensite. The average hardness of the samples was similar to the hardness obtained after quenching and tempering the samples—576 HV for horizontally printed workpieces and 525 HV for vertically printed workpieces. High-speed milling, high-efficiency milling, and conventional milling have been proven to be suitable for handling such workpieces. This study shows that an increase in milling width leads to a gradual decrease in specific cutting force. As the milling depth increases, the specific cutting force decreases intensively at first but then more slowly with time. Machining the workpieces made of the martensitic stainless steel and produced by electron-beam surfacing requires the use of purely carbide mills with a diameter of at least 12 mm. Using a high-speed steel as a tool material results in the rapid failure of the tool. The cutting conditions during the investigation allowed for a decrease in the temperature of the cutting edge, cutting force, and the low-rigid end mill bending. Therefore, this study has made it possible to select modes that allow for a reduction in the vibration of the lathe-fixture-tool-part system.

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Section: Study Of Cutting Forces When Machining the Samplessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…These are parameters such as the substrate temperature, the movement trajectory, etc. [ 7 ]. However, despite optimal conditions, structure heterogeneities, surface layer hardening, and other undesirable effects are still present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Workpieces from Martensitic Stainless Steel Using Electron-Beam Surfacing and Investigation of Cutting Forces When Milling Workpieces

Martyushev

Kozlov

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…In another case, the utilization of the dual pulsing combination of both high and lowfrequency pulsing is employed to observe the effects on the weld bead geometry and heataffected zone of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) (Benakis et al, 2020;Manokruang et al, 2021). Machine learning was employed to create a fully intelligent WAAM system, as demonstrated by Ding et al (2021) and Tang et al (2019).…”

Section: Bead Geometry Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bead Geometry Control in Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Profile — A Review

Wani,

Abdullah

2024

JST

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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a well-established additive manufacturing method that produces 3D profiles. A better deposition efficiency can be achieved by understanding the parameters that may influence the geometry of the bead. This paper provides a review that focuses on the factors that may influence the formation of the 3D profile. The included factors are the flow pattern of the molten pool after deposition, the built structure and orientation, the heat input and cooling conditions, the welding parameters, and other uncertainties. This review aims to facilitate a better understanding of these factors and achieve the optimum geometry of the 3D parts produced. According to the literature, the behavior of molten pools is identified as one of the major factors that can impact the deposition efficiency of a bead and govern its geometry. The review indicated that the flow behavior of the molten pool and the geometry of the deposited bead are significantly affected by most welding parameters, such as torch angle, wire travel speed, filler feed rate, and cooling conditions. Furthermore, this paper incorporates the technology utilized for comprehending the behaviors of the molten pool, as it constitutes an integral component of the control strategy. It has been concluded that automated planning and strategy are necessary to ensure efficient deposition by controlling those factors. The integration of artificial intelligence could bring benefits in planning to address the variation and complexity of shapes.

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“…Their origin is mainly due to poor thermal management during the deposition. Manokruang illustrates this relation in regard to dimensional defects by measuring the bead dimensions as a function of the substrate temperature [7].…”

Section: Fig 1 Cmt Electric and Mechanical Cycles [2]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt Pool Acquisition Using Near-Infrared Camera in Aluminum Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Dellarre

Limousin

Béraud

2022

Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing IV

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In order to produce functional parts in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), mastering parts quality is a key challenge. The literature highlights the connection between thermal conditions and part defects. Thus, monitoring a thermal parameter, for instance the melt pool in this study, is a crucial indicator to describe parts quality. The paper aims to investigate the feasibility of CMOS camera (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) to track a homothety of the melt pool for parts manufactured by WAAM. In this field, the literature still lacks information concerning this sensor operating in industrial condition, especially for aluminum alloys. An experiment and a numerical method are developed to estimate its sensitivity and robustness. Validation criteria for the method are presented and confirm its interest.

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Process Parameters Effect on Weld Beads Geometry Deposited by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Production of Workpieces from Martensitic Stainless Steel Using Electron-Beam Surfacing and Investigation of Cutting Forces When Milling Workpieces

Production of Workpieces from Martensitic Stainless Steel Using Electron-Beam Surfacing and Investigation of Cutting Forces When Milling Workpieces

Bead Geometry Control in Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Profile — A Review

Melt Pool Acquisition Using Near-Infrared Camera in Aluminum Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

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