Process optimization of rare earth and aluminum leaching from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with compound ammonium salts

He, Zhengyan; Zhang, Zhenyue; Yu, Jiahui; Zhang, Xu; Chi, Ruan

doi:10.1016/s1002-0721(16)60042-x

Cited by 68 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, organic substances, such as acetic acid and sulfosalicylic acid, were commonly used as impurity inhibitors [21,22], leading to the environmental pollution and high cost of the leaching process. To some extent, it is hopeful that rare earth leachate with low impurity content can be obtained utilizing the different leaching behavior of impurity ions and rare earth ions appropriately [18,23]. In the early stage, our research group studied the leaching kinetics, mass transfer characteristics, and leaching process of rare earth with the MgSO 4 leaching agent [9,24], but the leaching behavior of calcium and aluminum was not discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Behaviors of Calcium and Aluminum from an Ionic Type Rare Earth Ore Using MgSO4 as Leaching Agent

Qiu

Rao

et al. 2021

Minerals

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During the leaching process of ionic rare earth ore (ICREO), ion-exchangeable phase calcium (IEP-Ca) and ion-exchangeable phase aluminum (IEP-Al) are leached along with rare earth, which causes many problems in the enrichment process, such as increasing the precipitant agent consumption and rare earth loss, etc. The agitation leaching kinetics and the column leaching mass transfer process of IEP-Ca and IEP-Al were studied to understand the leaching behavior of impurity in ICREO, which provides guides for the adjustment of the leaching process and to limit the co-leaching of impurities. IEP-Ca and IEP-Al were leached by ion exchange, with the leaching agent cations and the leaching kinetics described by an internal diffusion-controlled shrinking core model with an apparent activation energy of 8.97 kJ/mol and 10.48 kJ/mol, respectively. In addition, a significant reduction in the leaching efficiency of aluminum was caused by the hydrolysis reaction reinforced by the increase in MgSO4 concentration and temperature. The leaching kinetic data of IEP-Ca and IEP-Al was verified by the column leaching mass transfer process. There was a synchronous increase in the peak concentration of the outflow curve and leaching efficiency of calcium with the concentration of MgSO4 since IEP-Ca was easily leached. Therefore, as the leaching efficiency of calcium was already very high in the 0.20 mol/L MgSO4 leaching process, the leaching rate of calcium was limited by the leaching temperature and injection rate of MgSO4. For aluminum, the hydrolysis of Al3+ was promoted by increasing the MgSO4 concentration and the leaching temperature, thereby effectively reducing the content of aluminum in the leachate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Behaviors of Calcium and Aluminum from an Ionic Type Rare Earth Ore Using MgSO4 as Leaching Agent

Qiu

Rao

et al. 2021

Minerals

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“…These weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores are distributed in the southern part of China. The rare earth elements mainly exist as hydrated ions or hydroxyl hydrated ions which are adsorbed on the surface of the clay mineral in this kind of rare earth ore (He et al, 2016a ). Based on the special characteristics of the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore, conventional beneficiation technology cannot separate and enrich rare earth elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the rare earth elements are recovered under the ion exchange law with electrolytes. The leaching chemical reaction with mono valence salts is written as (Chi and Tian, 2006 ; Li, 2014 ; He et al, 2016b ):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Process of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ore With Formate Salts

2020

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To strengthen the rare earth leaching process and weaken the hydration of clay minerals for preventing landslides, it is of great importance to adopt a green and sustainable leaching agent in the industry. In this work, the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with formate salts (ammonium formate, potassium formate, and sodium formate) was investigated. The effects of formate salts on the linear swelling ratio and zeta potential of the clay minerals were studied. The experimental results showed that ammonium formate could effectively recover the rare earth elements from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth as well as inhibit the leaching of impurity aluminum. At room temperature, when the ammonium formate concentration was 1% wt, the leaching efficiencies of rare earth and aluminum were 87 and 37%, respectively. Compared with traditional inorganic ammonium salts, the inhibition effect of impurity aluminum was obvious. In addition, the results of the linear swelling ratio in the clay minerals showed that the inhibit ability of formate salts on the hydration of clay minerals enhanced with the increase of the formate concentration, and the order of the inhabitation on the clay minerals followed: 1% ammonium formate > 1.5% potassium formate > 2.5% sodium formate > distilled water. Based on the double layer theory, ammonium formate and potassium formate could effectively compress clay mineral particles to avoid water intake, which could increase the interaction between clay mineral particles and greatly reduce the electronegative property of the clay minerals, so as to effectively reduce the surface hydration of clay minerals to decrease the swelling of rare earth ore. The results of this experiment have important and practical significance in guiding the prevention of landslides, promoting the in-situ leaching technology, and effectively protecting the ecological environment in mining areas.

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“…The rare earth (RE) can be extracted from the ore containing rare earths, such as phosphogypsum, mine tailings, etc. (Habashi, 1985;Chi and Tian, 2008;Hammas et al, 2016;He et al, 2016a;Hamza et al, 2019). According to the previous researches (Jarosiniski et al, 1993;Hammas et al, 2016;Xiao et al, 2016;Feng et al, 2018), RE in the ore can be leached into the solution through leaching method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of polyacrylamide on the process of removing impurities in the rare earth leachate

Wu¹,

Zhou²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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The removal of impurities of the rare earth (RE) leachate from the RE-containing ore is usually accompanied by the formation of flocs, and a certain amount of polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculant needs to be added in this process. However, few studies have investigated the effect of the flocculant on the impurity removal process of the RE leachate. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the flocculation process for removing impurities from the RE leachate in the absence and presence of PAM. The results showed that the addition of PAM showed little effect on the removal efficiencies of impurities, but it could increase the recovery of RE. And cationic PAM was more suitable for this impurity removal process than anionic PAM. When ammonium bicarbonate was firstly adopted to regulate the solution pH to 5.0, and then sodium sulfide was used to adjust the pH to 5.2, and 2 mg/L of cationic PAM was added to the solution, 96% Al 3+ and 98% Zn 2+ were removed from the solution, while 96% RE was maintained. Also, cationic PAM could accelerate the settlement of flocs, the settling time of the flocs shortened from 60 min to 20 min. This work may provide a promising way to shorten the production cycle and increase the recovery of RE.

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Process optimization of rare earth and aluminum leaching from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with compound ammonium salts

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

Leaching Behaviors of Calcium and Aluminum from an Ionic Type Rare Earth Ore Using MgSO4 as Leaching Agent

Leaching Behaviors of Calcium and Aluminum from an Ionic Type Rare Earth Ore Using MgSO4 as Leaching Agent

Leaching Process of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ore With Formate Salts

Effect of polyacrylamide on the process of removing impurities in the rare earth leachate

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