Process Optimization of Microwave Assisted Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction from Siam cardamom using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

The main goal of the research was to optimize microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation and extraction (MA-SDE) using response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box–Behnken design (BBD). A process was designed to extract the essential oil from the leaf sheath of Siam cardamom. The experimental data were fitted to quadratic equations, and the experiment conditions for optimal extraction of 1,8-cineole were extraction time 87.68 min, material-to-water ratio 1:13.18 g/mL and microwave power 217.77 W. Under such conditions, the content of 1,8-cineole was 157.23 ± 4.23 µg/g, which matched with the predicted value. GC–MS results indicated the presence of predominant oxygenated monoterpenes including 1,8-cineole (20.63%), iso-carveol (14.30%), cis-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol (12.27%) and trans-p-2,8-menthadien-1-ol (9.66%), and oxygenated contents were slightly higher in the MA-SDE and extraction compared to usual SDE. In addition, the essential oil extracted by MA-SDE exhibited strong antibacterial effects against the tested Gram-positive bacteria. Scanning electron micrographs provided more evidence of destruction of the leaf sheath treated by MA-SDE. Conclusively, microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation and solvent extraction appear to be an effective technique for the separation of essential oils enriched 1,8-cineole from Siam cardamom leaf sheath in a shorter time.

Dual‐cooled microwave extraction of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and its chemical composition and antibacterial activity: Comparison with hydrodistillation and conventional microwave

“…The interactive effects of extraction time and liquid/solid ratio implied that the yield of essential oil increased with an increase of extraction time from 10 to 27 min and of liquid/solid ratio from 3.3 to 5.6 mL/g. The possible reason may be that, when the water content was less, the azeotropic mixture absorbed the less microwave energy, he burst of oleiferous organizations were incomplete, which lead to less release of essential oil and lower extraction efficiency 10,19,20 . However, the essential oil yield decreased with the increase of liquid/solid ratio increase from 5.6 to 7.0 mL/g (Figure 2A), which may be resulted from the hydrolysis of some volatile compounds under the above condition 21 .…”

“…To reason may be that, when the water content was less, the azeotropic mixture absorbed the less microwave energy, he burst of oleiferous organizations were incomplete, which lead to less release of essential oil and lower extraction efficiency. 10,19,20 However, the essential oil yield decreased with the increase of liquid/solid ratio increase from 5.6 to 7.0 mL/g (Figure 2A), which may be resulted from the hydrolysis of some volatile compounds under the above condition. 21 In addition, the essential oil yield increased with the extension of extraction time until 27 min, illustrating that the essential oil was mainly obtained within 27 min.…”

Microwave-Assisted Improved Extraction and Purification of Anticancer Nimbolide from Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaves

“…To overcome this problem, response surface methodology (RSM), a powerful multivariate statistical and mathematical tool was applied for optimizing the conditions of a complex experimental process. RSM has been successfully utilized for developing and optimizing various extraction processes from plants, to yield bioactive compounds like 1,8-cineole [21], zeaxanthin and lutein [22], total phenolic compounds and flavonoids [23], and polysaccharide [24].…”